Chapter 20 : Endocrine System

Question 0

what are the lobes of the pituitary gland called?

Answer 0

anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 1

what structures are associated with being apart of the command central of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

• hypothalamus
• infundibulum
• pituitary gland

Question 2

what does the anterior pituitary contain?

Answer 2

endocrine cells

Question 3

most anterior pituitary hormones are __ (stimulate other endocrine organs or structures).

Answer 3

tropic

Question 4

the hypothalamus sends ___ to the anterior pituitary that controls the output of these tropic hormones

Answer 4

regulatory hormones

Question 5

what are the pituitary hormones?

Answer 5

TSH
ACTH
FSH and LH
GH
PRL (prolactin)
endorphins

Question 6

the __ stimulates and increase in the size and division rate of body cells; enhances movement of amino acids across membranes

Answer 6

GH (growth hormone)

Question 7

the __ sustains milk production after birth

Answer 7

prolactin (PRL)

Question 8

the __ controls secretions of hormones from thyroid gland

Answer 8

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 9

the __ controls secretion of certain hormones from adrenal cortex

Answer 9

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 10

in females __ is responsible for the development of egg-containing follicles in ovaries and stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens. in males it stimulates production of sperm cells

Answer 10

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 11

the __ promotes secretion of sex hormones and plays a role in releasing an egg cell in females

Answer 11

luteinizing hormone (LH

Question 12

the posterior pituitary contains ___

Answer 12

hypothalamic neurons

Question 13

hypothalamic neurons are called what?

Answer 13

neurosecretory cells

Question 14

what are the two hypothalamic neurons does the pituitary gland make?

Answer 14

ADH and oxytocin

Question 15

the __ causes kidneys to conserve water; in high concentration, increases blood pressure

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

the __ contracts muscles in the uterine wall; contracts muscles associated with milk-secreting glands

Answer 16

oxytocin (OT)

Question 17

what are the parts of the thyroid gland?

Answer 17

left and right lobes of the thyroid gland

isthmus of thyroid gland

Question 18

what are the cells of the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

follicular

parafollicular

Question 19

what does the follicular cells in the thyroid make?

Answer 19

thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 20

__ is one major controller of overall body metabolism.

Answer 20

thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 21

what does the parafollicular cell make?

Answer 21

calcitonin

Question 22

__ helps regulate blood calcium levels

Answer 22

calcitonin

Question 23

what does the parathyroid glands make?

Answer 23

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 24

where are the adrenal glands in humans?

Answer 24

above the kidneys

Question 25

what are the two regions of tissue in the adrenal gland?

Answer 25

cortex | medulla

Question 26

what does the cortex of the adrenal glands make?

Answer 26

- glucocorticoids - mineralocorticoids - gonadocorticoids

Question 27

what does the medulla of the adrenal glands make?

Answer 27

epinepherine

Question 28

what are the three layers of the cortex?

Answer 28

- zona glomerulosa - zona fasciculata - zona reticularis

Question 29

what does the zona glomerulosa make?

Answer 29

mineralocorticoids

Question 30

what does the zona fasciculata make?

Answer 30

glucocorticoids

Question 31

what does the zona reticularis make?

Answer 31

gonadocorticoids

Question 32

the pancreas is both a __ and __ organ.

Answer 32

endocrine | exocrine

Question 33

what is the endocrine part of the pancreas?

Answer 33

pancreatic islets

Question 34

what are the types of endocrine cells of islets?

Answer 34

- alpha cells | - beta cells

Question 35

what do alpha cells in pancreatic islets make?

Answer 35

glucagon

Question 36

the beta cells in pancreatic islets make what?

Answer 36

insulin

Question 37

glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose from liver does what to the blood sugar levels?

Answer 37

raises blood sugar

Question 38

insulin stimulates uptake of glucose into cells and does what to the blood sugar?

Answer 38

lowers blood sugar

Question 39

what does the testes secrete?

Answer 39

testosterone

Question 40

the ovaries secretes what?

Answer 40

estrogen | progesterone

Question 41

the stomach and intestines secretes what?

Answer 41

gastrin | secretin and cholecystokinin

Question 42

the kidneys produce what?

Answer 42

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 43

the heart produces what?

Answer 43

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 44

the pineal gland secretes what?

Answer 44

melatonin

Question 45

__ is used for the maturation of sperm, male secondary sex characteristics, protein, synthesis in muscle

Answer 45

testosterone

Question 46

__ is used for the maturation of eggs (follicles ), females secondary sex characteristics

Answer 46

estrogen

Question 47

__ is used for preparation for pregnancy

Answer 47

progesterone

Question 48

enteroendocrine cells of the stomach gastric pits produce __ which stimulates chief and parietal cells

Answer 48

gastrin

Question 49

enteroendocrine cells of small intestines produce ___ which slows emptying of stomach, stimulating gallbladder contractions and pancreatic juice relase

Answer 49

secretin | cholecystokinin

Question 50

__ stimulates red blood cell production by marrow

Answer 50

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 51

__ helps decrease blood pressure if it gets to high

Answer 51

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 52

__ coordinates sleep/wake cycles with daylight cycle

Answer 52

pineal gland