Chapter 15 : Brain And Brainstem

Question 0

In the brain, this is mainly composed of axons

Answer 0

White matter

Question 1

In the brain, this is mainly composed of cell bodies and dendrites

Answer 1

Gray matter

Question 2

__ in the gray matter is a collection of cell bodies typically in the PNS

Answer 2

Ganglia

Question 3

__ in the white matter are bundles of axons in the PNS

Answer 3

Nerves

Question 4

what are the organizations of gray matter in the CNS?

Answer 4

Neural cortex

nuclei

Question 5

In the CNS, __ is gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum.

Answer 5

neural cortex

Question 6

In gray matter __ is a collection of neuron cell bodies in the interior os the CNS

Answer 6

Nuclei

Question 7

what is white matter organized into?

Answer 7

tracts

Question 8

__ in white matter are bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin and destination.

Answer 8

tracts

Question 9

what are the parts of the brain stem?

Answer 9

Diencephalon
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

Question 10

___ is a part of the brain where conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage and processing, conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contraction occurs

Answer 10

cerebrum

Question 11

__ is a part of the brain that coordinates complex somatic motor patterns and adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord.

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

what is the diencephalon divided into in the spinal cord?

Answer 12

• thalamus

- hypothalamus

Question 13

__ is a part of the spinal cord that relays and processing centers for sensory information.

Answer 13

Thalamus

Question 14

__ is a part of the brain that is a center controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production.

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

the __ is the processing of visual and auditory data, generation of reflexive somatic motor responses, and maintenance of consciousness.

Answer 15

midbrain

Question 16

the __ is apart of the brain that relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus, and subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

Answer 16

Pons

Question 17

__ in the brain is where sensory information is relayed to the thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem and are autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function

Answer 17

medulla oblongata

Question 18

what are the three layers of meninges?

Answer 18

• dura mater
• arachnoid
• pia mater

Question 19

the __ is a layer of the meninges that is very tough and semi transparent and is the outer layer.

Answer 19

dura mater

Question 20

the __ is the middle layer of the meninges and is a hazy covering and looks like spider webbing.

Answer 20

arachnoid mater

Question 21

the __ is the inner layer of the meninges and is very thin, almost impossible to peel away from the neural tissue

Answer 21

pia mater

Question 22

__ is the space between the arachnoid and the pia matter where cerebrospinal fluid is found.

Answer 22

subarachnoid space

Question 23

how is the cerebrum divided?

Answer 23

into two hemispheres

Question 24

how are the two hemispheres divided?

Answer 24

by a longitudinal fissure

Question 25

how are the two hemispheres of the cerebrum connected?

Answer 25

by the corpus callosum

Question 26

how is the surface of the brain?

Answer 26

folded

Question 27

the folds on the surface of the brain are called what?

Answer 27

gyrus

Question 28

the spaces between the folds on the surface of the brain are called what?

Answer 28

sulcus

Question 29

a deep sulcus in the brain is called what?

Answer 29

fissure

Question 30

what are the 5 cerebral lobes of the brain?

Answer 30

- frontal - parietal - occipital - temporal - insular lobe

Question 31

What line divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe from the temporal lobe?

Answer 31

lateral fissure

Question 32

what line divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

Answer 32

central sulcus

Question 33

what line divides the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe?

Answer 33

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 34

what functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 34

``` motor functions other functions (cognitive/intellectual) ```

Question 35

what motor functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 35

- planning of movements | - control of motor neurons in spinal cord (that communicate with skeletal muscles)

Question 36

what "other" functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 36

- short term (working) memory - control of attention - personal planning - personality - problem solving / judgment

Question 37

what functions is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 37

- sensory function

Question 38

what sensory functions is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 38

- registration of general sensation (touch, temp, pain) | - processing of some visual information (motion)

Question 39

what functions is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 39

sensory function

Question 40

what sensory functions is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 40

reception and processing of basic visual stimulation ( color, contrast, shapes, etc)

Question 41

what functions is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 41

- sensory function | - other functions

Question 42

what sensory functions is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 42

- reception and processing of auditory stimulation - reception and processing os olfactory stimulation - processing of some visual information (faces)

Question 43

what "other" functions is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 43

formation of long-term memory

Question 44

what functions is the insula responsible for?

Answer 44

sensory functions | other functions

Question 45

what sensory functions is the insula responsible for?

Answer 45

- reception and processing of taste stimulation

Question 46

what "other" functions is the insula responsible for?

Answer 46

- memory - emotion processing - awareness of internal (visceral) sensation

Question 47

what are some functional areas shared between lobes?

Answer 47

- wernickes area | - Broca's area

Question 48

where is the wernickes area?

Answer 48

within parietal and temporal lobes, usually on the left side of the brain

Question 49

what is the wernicke's area responsible for?

Answer 49

language processing - understanding spoken and written words - understanding math

Question 50

what does the wernicke's area work with to produce spoken and written language?

Answer 50

Broca's area

Question 51

what are the structures of the cerebral nuclei?

Answer 51

- caudate nucleus - putamen - globus palidus - amygdaloid body

Question 52

what structure in the cerebral nuclei has a large function in anxiety and fear emotions?

Answer 52

amygdaloid body

Question 53

improper communication with the nuclei in the cerebral nuclei can lead to what ?

Answer 53

Parkinson's disease

Question 54

the putamen and globus pallidus make up what?

Answer 54

lentiform nucleus

Question 55

the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus make up what?

Answer 55

corpus striatum

Question 56

white matter contains ___ pathways.

Answer 56

communication

Question 57

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thalamus, and pineal gland are all part of what?

Answer 57

diencephalon

Question 58

the __ is the "relay center" of the brain since most of the information will pass through it.

Answer 58

thalamus

Question 59

what are the major functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 59

- control of endocrine fxn - control of "drives" - regulation of body temp. - control of autonomic fxn - regulation of circadian rhythms

Question 60

how does the hypothalamus control endocrine function?

Answer 60

through control of the pituitary gland

Question 61

what are the "drives" that the hypothalamus controls?

Answer 61

thirst, hunger, sex, pleasure

Question 62

what are the autonomic functions that the hypothalamus controls?

Answer 62

- fear - fight - repose - flight vs. rest

Question 63

what are some of the external features of the midbrain?

Answer 63

- nerves (CN II, CN III, CN IV) - cerebral peduncle - superior and inferior colliculus

Question 64

what are the internal features of the midbrain?

Answer 64

- cerebral aqueduct - red nucleus - substantia nigra

Question 65

what are the external features of the pons?

Answer 65

- nerves (CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII)

Question 66

what are the internal features of the pons?

Answer 66

- 4th ventricle | - reticular formation of pons

Question 67

___ are a group of cells (nuclei) that control several autonomic fxns

Answer 67

reticular formation

Question 68

what are two of the autonomic fxns that the reticular formation of pons controls?

Answer 68

- apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

Question 69

what do the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers control?

Answer 69

- control rate and depth of breathing

Question 70

what are the external features of the medulla?

Answer 70

- pyramid - inferior olive - nerves (CN IX, CN X, CN XII, CN XI)

Question 71

what are the internal features of the medulla?

Answer 71

- cochlear nucleus - inferior olivary nucleus - reticular formation - fourth ventricle

Question 72

what does the reticular formation of the medulla control?

Answer 72

- heart - blood vessel diameter - nuclei that regulates sneezing, coughing swallowing, gagging, vomiting.

Question 73

the __ relays sound info to brain.

Answer 73

cochlear nucleus

Question 74

the __ relays body position info to the cerebellum

Answer 74

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 75

what divides the hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Answer 75

the vermis

Question 76

what are the light branching patterns called inside the cerebellum?

Answer 76

arbor vitae

Question 77

what is the cerebellum functionally good for?

Answer 77

important for coordination of muscular movement

Question 78

what are the 4 ventricles of the brain?

Answer 78

- 2 lateral ventricles - third ventricle - fourth ventricle

Question 79

where are the 2 lateral ventricles?

Answer 79

below the corpus callosum

Question 80

where are the third ventircles?

Answer 80

between halves of thalamus

Question 81

where is the fourth ventricle found?

Answer 81

underneath the cerebellum

Question 82

what connects the third and fourth ventricle?

Answer 82

cerebral (mesencephalic) aqueduct

Question 83

where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced?

Answer 83

choroid plexus in the ventricles

Question 84

the high __ ensures that CFS moves into the venous sinuses and doesnt allow blood to come into the subarachnoid space.

Answer 84

pressure