Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
(19 cards)
- Alzheimer’s Disease
a. A progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by deterioration in memory, cognition, and basic self-care skills.
- Amnestic Disorder
a. Striking deficit in the ability to recall ongoing events more than a few minutes after they have taken place, or the inability to recall the recent past. Now grouped into a new diagnostic category called neurocognitive disorders
- Amyloid Plaques
a. Found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, these deposits of aluminum silicate and abnormal protein (beta amyloid) are believed to cause loss of neurons.
- Anterograde Amnesia
a. Loss of memory for events that occur following trauma or shock
- APOE-E4 Allele
a. Variant of a gene on chromosome 19 that significantly enhances risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Apraxia. Loss of ability to perform purposeful movements
- Delirium
a. State of mental confusion characterized by relatively rapid onset of widespread disorganization of the higher mental processes, caused by a generalized disturbance in brain metabolism. May include impaired perception, memory, and thinking and abnormal psychomotor activity.
- Dementia
a. Progressive deterioration of brain functioning occurring after the completion of brain maturation in adolescence. Characterized by deficits in memory, abstract thinking, acquisition of new knowledge or skills, visuospatial comprehension, motor control, problem solving, and judgment. Now referred to as major neurocognitive disorder.
- Early-Onset-Alzheimer’s Disease
a. Form of Alzheimer’s disease that appears in people who are younger than approximately 60 years of age. Thought to be caused by rare genetic mutations.
- HIV-Associated-Neurocognitive-Impairment
a. A range of cognitive, motor, and behavioral problems experienced by individuals living with HIV. It’s a spectrum of disorders, with varying severities ranging from mild impairment to full-blown dementia.
- Huntington’s Disease
a. A rare and fatal degenerative disorder that is manifested in jerking, twitching movements, and mental deterioration. Caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4. Formerly called Huntington’s chorea.
- Korsakoff’s Syndrome
a. This disorder, also referred to as Korsakoff’s dementia, Korsakoff’s psychosis, or amnesic confabulatory syndrome, is a neurological condition resulting from chronic alcohol abuse and severe malnutrition (vitamin B).
- Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
a. The occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease in the more elderly. One gene thought to be involved in this form of Alzheimer’s disease is the APOE gene.
- Major Neurocognitive Disorder
a. A new DSM-5 diagnosis, this involves severe impairment in cognitive functioning that reflects a significant decline from the person’s previous level of performance. The problems in cognitive functioning create problems for the person in terms of their ability to perform routine activities.
- Mild-Neurocognitive-Disorder
a. A new DSM-5 diagnosis that is characterized by a modest decline in cognitive functioning that does not interfere with the person’s ability to perform the routine tasks.
- Neurofibrillary-Tangles
a. Twisted and web-like nerve filaments that characterize the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
- Parkinson’s Disease
a. A neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor problems (rigidity, tremors) and caused by destruction of dopamine neurons in the brain.
- Retrograde Amnesia
a. Loss of memory for events that occurred during a circumscribed period prior to brain injury or damage.
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
a. Brain damage resulting from motor vehicle crashes, bullets, or other objects entering the brain, and other severe impacts to the head.
- Vascular Dementia
a. A brain disorder in which a series of small strokes destroys neurons, leading to brain atrophy and behavioral impairments that are similar to Alzheimer’s disease.
