Chapter 7

Question 1

1. Attributions

Answer 1

a. Process of assigning causes to things that happen

Question 2

2. Behavioral Activation Treatment

Answer 2

a. Treatment for depression in which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life

Question 3

3. Bipolar Disorder with a Seasonal Pattern

Answer 3

a. Bipolar disorder with recurrences in particular seasons of the year

Question 4

4. Bipolar Disorders

Answer 4

a. Mood disorders in which a person experiences both manic and depressive episodes

Question 5

5. Bipolar I Disorder

Answer 5

a. A form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both manic (or mixed) episodes and major depressive episodes

Question 6

6. Bipolar II Disorder

Answer 6

a. A form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

Question 7

7. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Answer 7

a. Therapy base don altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions

Question 8

8. Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 8

a. Mild mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms

Question 9

9. Depression

Answer 9

a. Emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection

Question 10

10. Double Depression

Answer 10

a. This condition is diagnosed when a person with dysthymia has a superimposed major depressive episode

Question 11

11. Dysfunctional Beliefs

Answer 11

a. Negative beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive

Question 12

12. Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 12

a. Also known as dysthymic disorder. A new DSM-5 disorder that involves long-standing depressed mood (2 years or more). The disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression from DSM-IV-TR.

Question 13

13. Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 13

a. Use of electricity to produce convulsions and unconsciousness; a treatment used primarily to alleviate depressive and manic episodes. Also known as electroshock therapy

Question 14

14. Hypomanic Episode

Answer 14

a. A condition lasing at least 4 days in which a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. At least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms similar to those in a manic episode must also be present but to a lesser degree than in mania.

Question 15

15. Interpersonal Therapy

Answer 15

a. A time-limited psychotherapy approach that focuses on the interpersonal context and on building interpersonal skills

Question 16

16. Learned Helplessness

Answer 16

a. A theory that animals and people exposed to uncontrollable aversive events learn that they have no power over these events, and this causes them to behave in a passive and helpless manner when later exposed to potentially controllable events. Later extended to become a theory of depression.

Question 17

17. Lithium

Answer 17

a. A common salt formed from a soft, silver-white metal; it has been found to reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder although it has a number of negative side effects.

Question 18

18. Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 18

a. Moderate to severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes. Single episode if only one; recurrent episode if more than one

Question 19

19. Major Depressive Episode

Answer 19

a. A mental condition in which a person must be markedly depressed for most of every day for most days for at least 2 weeks. In addition, a total of at least 5 out of 9 designated symptoms must also be present during the same time period.

Question 20

20. Major Depressive Episode with Atypical Features

Answer 20

a. A type of major depressive episode that includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by marked mood reactivity, as well as at least 2 out of 4 other designated symptoms

Question 21

21. Major Depressive Episode with Catatonic Features

Answer 21

a. A subset of major depressive disorders that is characterized by severe disturbances in motor function

Question 22

22. Major Depressive Episode with Melancholic Features

Answer 22

a. A type of major depressive episode that includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, plus at least 3 out of 6 other designated symptoms

Question 23

23. Mania

Answer 23

a. Emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria

Question 24

24. Manic Episode

Answer 24

a. A condition in which a person shows markedly elevated, euphoric, or expansive mood, often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least 1 week. In addition, at least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms must also occur.

Question 25

25. Mixed Episode

Answer 25

a. A condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days.

Question 26

26. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 26

a. Class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression

Question 27

27. Mood Congruent

Answer 27

a. Delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a person’s mood

Question 28

28. Mood Disorders

Answer 28

a. Disturbances of mood that are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive

Question 29

29. Negative Automatic Thoughts

Answer 29

a. Thoughts that are just below the surface of awareness that involve unpleasant pessimistic predictions.

Question 30

30. Negative Cognitive Triad

Answer 30

a. Negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future

Question 31

31. NSSI

Answer 31

a. Nonsuicidal self-injury. Direct, deliberate destruction of body tissues in the absence of any intent to die.

Question 32

32. Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 32

a. A new DSM-5 disorder that involves long-standing depressed mood (2 years or more). The disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression from DSM-IV-TR.

Question 33

33. Pessimistic Attributional Style

Answer 33

a. Cognitive style involving a tendency to make internal, stable, and global attributions for negative life events.

Question 34

34. Rapid Cycling

Answer 34

a. A pattern of bipolar disorder involving at least 4 manic or depressive episodes per year

Question 35

35. Recurrence

Answer 35

a. A new occurrence of a disorder after a remission of symptoms.

Question 36

36. Recurrent Major Depressive Episode with a Seasonal Pattern

Answer 36

a. A form of major depression where the episodes of depression recur on a regular seasonal basis (fall/winter), but not at other times of the year.

Question 37

37. Relapse

Answer 37

a. Return of the symptoms of a disorder after a fairly short period of time.

Question 38

38. Rumination

Answer 38

a. Refers to the process of going over and over in one’s mind or going over a thought repeatedly time and again.

Question 39

39. Seasonal Affective Disorder

Answer 39

a. Mood disorder involving at least 2 episodes of depression in the past 2 years occurring at the same time of year (most commonly fall or winter) , with remission also occurring at the same time of year (most commonly spring).

Question 40

40. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Answer 40

a. A medication that inhibits serotonin and is used in the treatment of depression.

Question 41

41. Severe Major Depressive Episode with Psychotic Features

Answer 41

a. Major depression involving loss of contact with reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.

Question 42

42. Specifiers

Answer 42

a. In mood disorders. Different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes that may help predict the course and preferred treatments for the condition.

Question 43

43. Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 43

a. Medications used to treat depression, and sometimes anxiety disorders, that are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the synapse.

Question 44

44. Unipolar Depressive Disorder

Answer 44

a. Mood disorder in which a person experiences only depressive episodes, as opposed to bipolar disorders, in which both manic and depressive episodes occur.