Chapter 4

Question 1

• Aphasia

Answer 1

o Loss or impairment of ability to communicate and understand language symbols – involving loss of power of expression by speech, writing, or signs, or loss of ability to comprehend written or spoken language – resulting from brain injury or disease

Question 1

• Actuarial Procedures

Answer 1

o Methods whereby data about subjects are analyzed by objective procedures or formulas rather than by human judgments

Question 2

• Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)

Answer 2

o Objective method of rating clinical symptoms that provides scores on 18 variables (e.g., somatic concern, anxiety, withdrawal, hostility, and bizarre thinking).

Question 3

• Clinical Diagnosis

Answer 3

o The process through which a clinician arrives at a general “summary classification” of the patient’s symptoms by following a clearly defined system such as DSM-5 or ICS-11.

Question 4

• Comorbidity

Answer 4

o Occurrence of two or more identified disorders in the same psychologically disordered individual.

Question 5

• CAT Scan

Answer 5

o See computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan.

Question 6

• Cultural Competence

Answer 6

o Refers to a psychologist’s need to be informed of the issues involved in multicultural assessment

Question 7

• Dysrhythmia

Answer 7

o Abnormal brain wave pattern.

Question 8

• EEG

Answer 8

o See electroencephalogram

Question 9

• Forensic

Answer 9

o Pertaining to or used in a court of law.

Question 10

• fMRI

Answer 10

o internal scanning technique that measures changes in local oxygenation (blood flow) to specific areas of brain tissue that in turn depend on neuronal activity in those specific regions, allowing the mapping of psychological activity such as sensations, images, and thoughts.

Question 11

• MRI

Answer 11

o Internal scanning technique involving measurement of variations in magnetic fields that allows visualization of the anatomical features of internal organs, including the central nervous system and particularly the brain.

Question 12

• Intelligence Test

Answer 12

o Tests used in establishing a subject’s level of intellectual capability.

Question 13

• MMPI

Answer 13

o Widely used an empirically validated personality scales.

Question 14

• Neuropsychological Assessment

Answer 14

o Use of psychological tests that measure a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance to obtain clues to the extent and locus of brain damage.

Question 15

• Objective Personality Tests

Answer 15

o Structured tests, such as questionnaires, se

Question 16

• Personality Tests

Answer 16

o See objective personality tests and projective personality tests.

Question 17

• PET Scan

Answer 17

o See positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Question 18

• Presenting Problem

Answer 18

o Major symptoms and behavior the client is experiencing.

Question 19

• Projective Personality Tests

Answer 19

o Techniques that use various ambiguous stimuli that a subject is encouraged to interpret and from which the subject’s personality characteristics can be analyzed.

Question 20

• Psychological Assessment

Answer 20

o The use of psychological procedures such as behavioral observations, interviews, and psychological tests to obtain a picture of a client’s mental health symptoms and personality.

Question 21

• Rating Scales

Answer 21

o Formal structure for organizing information obtained from clinical observation and self-reports to encourage reliability and objectivity.

Question 22

• Reliability

Answer 22

o Degree to which a measuring device produces the same result each time it is used to measure the same thing or when two or more different raters use it.

Question 23

• Role-playing

Answer 23

o Form of assessment in which a person is instructed to play a part, enabling a clinician to observe a client’s behavior directly.

Question 24

* Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 24

o Use of 10 inkblot pictures to which a subject responds with associations that come to mind. Analysis of these responses enables a clinician to infer personality characteristics.

Question 25

* Self-monitoring

Answer 25

o Observing and recording one’s own behavior, thoughts, and feelings as they occur in various natural settings.

Question 26

* Sentence Completion Test

Answer 26

o Projective technique utilizing incomplete sentences that a person is to complete, analysis of which enables a clinician to infer personality dynamics.

Question 27

* Signs

Answer 27

o Objective observations that suggest to a diagnostician a patient’s physical or mental disorder.

Question 28

* Standardization

Answer 28

o Procedure for establishing the expected performance range on a test.

Question 29

* Structured Assessment Interview

Answer 29

o Interview with a set introduction that follows a predetermined set of procedures and questions throughout.

Question 30

* Symptoms

Answer 30

o Patient’s subjective description of a physical or mental disorder.

Question 31

* T-score Distribution

Answer 31

o A standard distribution of scores that allows for a comparison of scores on a test by comparing scores with a group of known values.

Question 32

* TAT

Answer 32

o Type of projective personality test that uses a set of simple pictures and the patient makes up a story

Question 33

* Unstructured Assessment Interviews

Answer 33

o Typically, subjective interviews that do not follow a predetermined set of questions. The beginning statements in the interview are usually general, and follow-up questions are tailored for each client. The content of the interview questions is influenced by the habits or theoretical views of the interviewer.

Question 34

* Validity

Answer 34

o Extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it purports to measure.