Chapter 14: SmartBook

Question 1

_________psychology is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

Answer 1

social psychology

Question 2

______ are favourable or unfavourable beliefs that we hold of a particular person, behaviour, belief, or concept

Answer 2

Attitudes

Question 3

Cognitive ________is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.

Answer 3

Cognitive dissonance

Question 4

What is the general term for the cognitive processes by which people make sense of others and themselves?

Answer 4

Social cognition

Question 5

_______are sets of cognitions about people and social experiences.

Answer 5

Schemas

Question 6

What is the process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall idea of that person?

Answer 6

Impression formation

Question 7

attitudes

Answer 7

Evaluations of a particular person, behaviour, belief, or concept.

Question 8

The halo effect exists when we

Answer 8

form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.

Question 9

What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes?

Multiple choice question

Answer 9

cognitive dissonance

Question 10

Culture plays a role in the way we attribute other’s behaviour. For instance, parents in Asia, tend to attribute good academic performance to

Answer 10

situational factors and parents in Western cultures tend to attribute
dispositional factors to school success.

Question 11

Impression formation is affected most by ______traits displayed by the person, such as their warmth.

Answer 11

central

Question 12

When pressure from your friends affects how you behave, you have been impacted by

Answer 12

social influence

Question 13

situational causes (of behaviour)

Answer 13

Perceived causes of behaviour that are based on environmental factors.

Question 14

dispositional cause (of behaviour)

Answer 14

Perceived cause of behaviour that is based on internal traits or personality factors.

Question 15

What is the general term for the cognitive processes by which people make sense of others and themselves?

Answer 15

Social cognition

Question 16

conformity

Answer 16

A change in behaviour or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

Question 17

The earliest work on social cognition examined Blank______.

Answer 17

impression formation

Question 18

______________is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.

Answer 18

Groupthink

Question 19

Milgram’s experiments demonstrated how readily people

Answer 19

obey authority figures.

Question 20

stereotype

Answer 20

A set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members.

Question 21

is a change in behaviour or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

Answer 21

conformity

Question 22

Groupthink

Answer 22

results in a close-minded approach to problems

Question 23

In Milgram’s obedience experiment, participants Blank______.

Answer 23

administered electric shocks to learners who gave a wrong answer

Question 24

What is measured in implicit assessments such as the IAT?

Answer 24

Hidden prejudices

Question 25

Groupthink is characterized by Blank______.

Answer 25

patterns of thoughts and behaviours that maintain harmony within the group but that also collectively serve to hinder a team’s ability to make effective decisions

Question 26

What is the term for the intentional injury of, or harm to, another person?

Answer 26

Aggression

Question 27

Implicit association tests work on the assumption that implicit associations affect the way we Blank______ the world.

Answer 27

perceive

Question 28

What do social psychologists call positive feelings for others, such as liking or loving?

Answer 28

Interpersonal attraction

Question 29

Psychologists call behaviour intended to injure or harm another person

Answer 29

aggression