chapter 14 the brain Flashcards by alex Reyes

how many cranial Brain nerves are there ?

12 pairs connected to brain

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what is the primarily sensory

carriers of somatic sensory  information including touch, pressure,  vibration, temperature, and pain

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what is the special sensory

carriers of sensations  such as smell, sight, hearing, and balance

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defn motor in cranial nerves

axons of somatic motor neurons

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what are mixed nerves

sensory and motor fibers

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the olfactory nerves whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

Primary function
Special sensory (smell)

Origin
Receptors of olfactory epithelium

Pass through
Olfactory foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid

Destination
Olfactory bulbs

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the optic nerves whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

Primary function
Special sensory (vision)

Origin
Retina of eye

Pass through
Optic canals of sphenoid

Destination
Diencephalon via optic chiasm

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the oculomotor nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

Primary function
Motor (eye movements)

Origin
Midbrain

Pass through
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid

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the trochlear nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

Primary function
Motor (eye movements)

Origin
Midbrain

Pass through
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid

Destination
Superior oblique

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abducens nerves whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

Primary function
Motor (eye movements)

Origin
Pons

Pass through
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid

Destination
Lateral rectus

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facial nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

Primary function
Mixed (sensory and motor) of face

Origin
-Sensory
Taste receptors on anterior two-thirds of tongue

Motor
Motor nuclei of pons

Pass through
Internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramina

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what are the destination of the facial nerves

Destination
Sensory
Sensory nuclei of pons

Somatic motor
Muscles of facial expression

Visceral motor
Lacrimal gland and nasal mucous glands
Submandibular and sublingual glands

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what is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII)

Primary function
Special sensory

Vestibular nerve
Balance and equilibrium

Cochlear nerve
Hearing

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Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII) where does it passes through, and final destination, origin

Origin
Receptors of internal ear

Pass through
Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bones

Destination
Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata

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Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) what is the function, origin, and Motor

Primary function
Mixed (sensory and motor) of head and neck

Origin
-Sensory
Posterior one-thirds of tongue
Part of pharynx and palate
Carotid arteries

Motor
Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata

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Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) where does it pass through and destination

Pass through
Jugular foramina between occipital, temporal bones

Destination
Sensory
Sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata

Somatic motor
Pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing

Visceral motor
Parotid gland

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what do the Superior ganglion and inferior ganglion contain

Contain sensory neurons of tongue, pharynx, etc.

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what is the origin and motor of the vagus nerve

Origin
Sensory
-Part of pharynx
-Auricle and external acoustic meatus
-Diaphragm
-Visceral organs in thoracic and -abdominopelvic cavities

Motor
Motor nuclei in medulla oblongata

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where does it pass through, destination, viscera motor of the vagus nerve

Pass through
Jugular foramina between occipital bone and temporal bones

Destination
Sensory
-Sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata

Visceral motor
-Muscles of palate and pharynx
-Muscles of digestive, respiratory, and -cardiovascular systems in thoracic and abdominal cavities

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accessory nerve what is the function, origin, where does is pass through, and destination

Primary function
Motor to muscles of neck and upper back

Origin
Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata

Pass through
Jugular foramina between occipital bone and temporal bones

Destination
-Internal branch
-Voluntary muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx
-External branch
-Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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hypoglossal nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

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Primary function
Motor (tongue movements)

Origin
Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata

Pass through
Hypoglossal canals of occipital bone

Destination
Muscles of tongue

cranial reflex what are the types of synapses, and the types of fibers

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Monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arcs
Involve sensory and motor fibers of cranial nerves

which waves is for healthy adults and which is for stressed out adults

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alpha waves are for healthy adults and beta waves are for mentally stressed out adults

what does the Broca area do ?

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Speech production

Primarily associated with left cerebral hemisphere

Regulates patterns of breathing and vocalization

the prefrontal cortex where does is coordinates from and what does it perform

Coordinates information relayed from all cortical association areas Performs abstract intellectual functions

defn what is the wernike's area

Language comprehension Primarily associated with left cerebral hemisphere Receives information from sensory association areas Coordinates access to visual and auditory memories

def the cortical center

In lobes and cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres Receive information from association areas Direct complex motor activities Perform analytical functions

Somatosensory association cortex function

Monitors activity in primary somatosensory cortex Example: it recognizes touch

Visual association area

Interprets activity in visual cortex

Auditory association area

Monitors auditory cortex

in the cerebrum the premotor cortex whats is function

Coordinates learned movements

Primary somatosensory cortex

Surface of postcentral gyrus

primary motor cortex

Surface of precentral gyrus

Parkinson’s disease

Symptoms are caused by increased activity of basal nuclei

name the characteristics of the basal nuclei

Masses of gray matter Embedded in white matter of cerebrum Direct subconscious activities

the function of the basal nuclei

Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone coordination of learned movement patterns (walking, lifting)

Association fibers

Form connections within one hemisphere

defn the cerebrum

Largest part of adult brain Controls higher mental functions Conscious thoughts, intellect, memory, etc. Divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres

what are the main regions of the Brian

Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Brainstem

the cerebral cortex of cerebrum has what matter and what causes rounded elevations

Surface layer of gray matter Rounded elevations (gyri) increase surface area

the cerebellum name the characteristics

Second-largest part of brain Coordinates repetitive body movements two hemispheres Covered by gray matter (cerebellar cortex)

the Deincephalon where is it located and what does it contain?

Located under cerebrum and cerebellum Thalamus Relays and processes sensory information Hypothalamus is involved with Emotions Autonomic function Hormone production

the pituitary gland and where is located

Major endocrine gland Connected to hypothalamus via infundibulum (stalk) Integrates nervous and endocrine systems is located in diencephalon

what is the function of the Brian stem and what does It includes

Relays information between spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum Includes Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

the function of the midbrain

Processes sight, sound, and associated reflexes Maintains consciousness

the pons what does it connect and what does it contain

Connects cerebellum to brainstem Contains Tracts (collections of CNS axons) Relay centers Nuclei for somatic and visceral motor control

the function of the medulla oblongata

Regulates autonomic functions Heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion Connects brain to spinal cord Inferior portion has a narrow central canal Relays sensory information

what are the 3 main Brian vesicles

Prosencephalon (“forebrain”) Mesencephalon (“midbrain”) Rhombencephalon (“hindbrain”)

defn the dura matter

Inner fibrous layer (meningeal cranial dura) Outer fibrous layer (periosteal cranial dura) Fused to periosteum

what does the falx cerebella divides

Divides cerebellar hemispheres below the tentorium cerebelli

the arachnid matter where's does it attach and what is it separated by

it attaches to dura mater May be separated by subdural space

the pia matter what cells are they

Attached to brain surface by astrocytes

chapter 14 the brain Flashcards

(52 cards)