Chapter 15

Question 1

Abnormal behavior

Answer 1

Behavior that is outside of what is considered normal in a given society

Question 2

The medical model

Answer 2

Views psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin

Question 3

Vulnerability-stress hypothesis or diathesis stress model

Answer 3

Proposes that we are born with genetic predispositions or sensitivities to certain mental health issues that combine with environmental stressors to create the disorder

Question 4

The DSM-5

Answer 4

The main psychological disorder classification instrument in the U.S

Question 5

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 5

A person experiences body symptoms of pain or illness that are not medically explained and that interfere with daily function

Question 6

Comobidity

Answer 6

The presence of two or more psychological disorders that are presenting symptoms at the same time

Question 7

Risk factors

Answer 7

Characteristics or circumstances that increase the likelihood an individual will develop a psychological disorder

Question 8

Psychotherapy

Answer 8

Used when someone develops a disorder and is often used to help individuals recognize and overcome their problems

Question 9

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 9

Psychological disorders often diagnosed in childhood that are traced to abnormal brain function or developmental through genetic and/or environmental factors

Question 10

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 10

A neurodevelopmental disorder that involves issues with socialization and odd or repetitive behaviors

Question 11

Illusory Correlation

Answer 11

Two different events are mistakenly connected because they happened around the same time or the same place

Question 12

Applied behavior analysis or behavior modification

Answer 12

A from of learning directed at behaviors based on operant conditioning principles

Question 13

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 13

A psychological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Question 14

Anxiety disorders

Answer 14

Characterized by tension and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

Question 15

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 15

Characterized by persistent, unspecified worry, especially in anticipation of imagined possible negative events for at least six months

Question 16

Panic disorder

Answer 16

A strong sudden experience of intense terror without warning or a specific cause

Question 17

Specific phobia

Answer 17

An irrational overwhelming fear of a specific object or situation like a fear of snakes or spiders

Question 18

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or Social Phobia

Answer 18

Characterized by an intense fear of being humiliated in social situations

Question 19

Obsessive-complusive disorder

Answer 19

Characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that lead to ritualistic or repetitive behaviors in order to ease them

Question 20

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 20

A psychological disorder that develops as the result of exposure to a traumatic event

Question 21

Dissociative disorders

Answer 21

Are psychological disorders that are characterized by a sudden loss of memory or changes in identity based on dissociation of conscious awareness

Question 22

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

Characterized by extreme memory loss due to psychological stress

Question 23

Dissociative identity

Answer 23

When an individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves

Question 24

Depressive disorders

Answer 24

Psychological disorders characterized by depression

Question 25

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 25

A depressive disorder with significant depressive episodes, lethargy, and hopelessness

Question 26

Bipolar disorder

Answer 26

Characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania

Question 27

Psychosis

Answer 27

A psychological state of unreality

Question 28

Schizophrenia

Answer 28

A severe psychological disorder with disorganized thoughts and experiences of unreality

Question 29

Hallucinations

Answer 29

Sensory experiences an individuals registers when there is no real stimuli

Question 30

Delusions

Answer 30

False unusual and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture

Question 31

Thought disorder

Answer 31

Refers to bizarre and unusual thought processes that often do not make sense

Question 32

Referential thinking

Answer 32

Ascribing personal meeting to random events

Question 33

Movement disorders

Answer 33

Involves unusual mannerisms, body movements, and facial expressions characteristic of positive symptoms in schizophrenia

Question 34

Catatonia

Answer 34

State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time

Question 35

Flat affect

Answer 35

The display of little or no emotion, or lack of emotion

Question 36

Personality disorders

Answer 36

Are chronic, maladaptive thought and behavior patterns that are completely ingrained in the individuals personality

Question 37

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Answer 37

A personality disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation, and deceit. People who are considered psychopaths are a subgroup of ASPD