Chapter 15 Flashcards
diagnostic (175 cards)
1
Q
assessment
A
the evaluation or appraisal of the patient’s condition
2
Q
overall appearance
A
how patients is dressed, body odor, signs of difficulty with self care
3
Q
emotional affect
A
patient’s expression, tone of voice, mood and emotions
4
Q
ambulation
A
way patient walks, gait, any unsteadiness or difficulty
5
Q
vital signs
A
4 key indicators of body systems functioning, temperature, heart rate, respiration and blood pressure
6
Q
temperature
A
normal around 98.6 degrees F or 37 C
7
Q
fever
A
oral temperature higher than 100 F
8
Q
hyperthermia
A
extremely high body temperature
9
Q
hypothermia
A
abnormally low body temperature
10
Q
pulse
A
rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by beating of heart
11
Q
heart rate
A
number of times heart beats each minute
12
Q
respiration
A
respiratory rate; number of complete breaths per minute, normal is 12-20
13
Q
blood pressure
A
force of blood against walls of arteries, measured using a sphygmomanometer, systolic (first heard) over systolic (last heard)
14
Q
pain
A
5th vital sign, subjective
15
Q
auscultation
A
listening for sounds within body, performed through stethoscope
16
Q
rales
A
crackles; abnormal crackle-like lung sound during inspiration
17
Q
rhonch
A
course rattling sounds somewhat like snorting, due to secretions in bronchial airway
18
Q
stridor
A
abnormal, high pitched, musical breathing sound caused by blockage in throat or larynx
19
Q
lubb sound
A
heard first, tricuspid and mitral valves closing
20
Q
dupp sound
A
heard next, shorter and higher pitched, closing o calves in aorta and pulmonary arteries
21
Q
bruit
A
abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery
22
Q
thrill
A
abnormal rhythmic vibration felt when palpating an artery
23
Q
heart murmur
A
abnormal heart sound commonly a sign of defective heart valves
24
Q
abdominal sounds
A
bowel sounds; normal noise made by intestines
25
percussion
diagnostic procedure used to determine density of a boy part by the sound produced by tapping surface with fingers
26
ophthalmoscope
instrument used to examine interior of eye
27
otoscope
instrument used to listen to sounds within body
28
recumbent
any position in which patient is lying down
29
decubitus
describes patient lying in a recumbent position
30
horizontal recumbent postition
supine position; on back
31
dorsal recumbent position
lying on back with knees bent
32
lithotomy position
on back with loot and left raised and supported in stirrups
33
prone position
lying on abdomen, face down
34
sims' position
lying of left side with right knee and thigh drawn up with left arm along back
35
knee-chest position
face down with hips bent so knees and chest rest on table
36
phlebotomy
venipuncture; puncture of a vein for drawing blood
37
arterial stick
puncture of artery to obtain arterial blood
38
capillary puncture
finger stick; used when only small amount of blood is needed
39
complete blood cell count
evaluate several blood conditions
40
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
sed rate; based on speed with which red blood cells separate form plasma and fall to bottom of a specialized test tube
41
hematocrit
describes percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by red cells, diagnose hydration, polycythemia and anemia
42
platelet count
measures number of platelets in a specific amount of blood, monitor changes like thrombocytosis (decrease) and thrombocytopenia (increase)
43
red blood cell count
number of erythrocytes in blood
44
total hemoglobin test
apart of complete, elevates Hb levels indicates high hemoglobin concentration in plasma
45
white blood cell count
number of leukocytes in blood
46
white blood cell differential count
see what percentage of total with blood cell is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes
47
basic metabolic panel
8 tests that provide information of status of patient's kidneys, electrolyte balance, blood sugar and calcium levels
48
blood urea nitrogen test
measures amount of nitrogen in blood due to urea
49
crossmatch tests
determine compatibility of donor blood and recipient, clumping of red blood cells (agglutination) indicates not a match
50
C-reactive protein test
identify high levels of inflammation
51
lipid panel
lipid profile; measures amount of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides
52
prothrombin time
pro time; coagulation test used to diagnose abnormalities of clotting time and monitor anticoagulant therapy
53
serum bilirubin test
measures ability of liver to take up, process and secrete bilirubin into bile
54
thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
55
arterial blood gas analysis
measures ph, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood
56
genome testing
genomic testing; whole genome screening that uses DNA to identify genetic variants that may increase risk of certain diseases or disorders
57
urinalysis
examination of physical and chemical properties of urine
58
routine urinalysis
use dipstick, scream for urinary and systemic disorders
59
microscopic examination
detailed testing of specimens to identify casts
60
casts
fibrous or protein material (pus or fats) thrown into urine in kidney disease
61
low specific gravity
dilute urine; diabetes insipidus
62
high specific gravity
concentrated urine; dehydration , liver failure or shock
63
albuminuria
protein albumin in urine
64
bacteriuria
bacteria in urine
65
calciuira
calcium in urine
66
creatinuria
high concentration of creatinine in urine
67
glycosuria
glucose in urine
68
hematuria
blood in urine
69
ketonuria
ketones in urine
70
proteinuria
protein in urine
71
pyuria
pus in urine
72
urine culture and sensitivity test
urine C&S; identify cause of utis and best antibiotic to treat it
73
stool gram stain
test for which bacteria are present
74
stool guaiac test
looks for blood in stool
75
fecal fat test
analyzes how much fat is in sample
76
endoscopic surgery
very small incision with endoscope and specialized instruments
77
endoscope
small, flexible tube with light and lens on end
78
laparoscopy
visual examination of interior of abdomen with laparoscope
79
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of joint space to remove synovial fluid
80
cardiocentesis
cardiopuncture; puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy
81
pericardiocentesis
puncture of pericardial sac for purpose of removing fluid
82
biopsy
removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis
83
contrast medium
administered by swallowing, enema or iv to make specific body structures visible
84
radiopaque
substance does not allow x-rays to pass through, appears white or light gray
85
radiolucent
substance allow x-rays to pass through, appears black or dark gray
86
intravenous contrast medium
injected into vein to make flow of blood visible
87
barium
radiopaque barium-sulfate compound contrast medium used to visualize gastrointestinal tract
88
radiology
creates image of hard-tissue internal structure by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation, computed and digital radiology
89
x-radiation
ionizing radiation; produce diagnostic images and treat cancer
90
dosimetry
science of measuring radiation exposure
91
radiopaque hard tissues
bone, teeth enamel
92
radiolucent soft tissues
muscles and skin
93
interventional radiology
use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure
94
external radiography
film is placed and exposed outside of mouth
95
panoramic radiography
shows all structured in both dental arches in a single film
96
intraoral radiography
film is placed within mouth and exposed by a camera positioned next to exterior of cheek
97
computed tomography
computerized axial tomography; uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views
98
tomography
imaging of cross-section of a part of the body
99
magnetic resonance imaging
combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are converted into images of any place through the body
100
gadolinium
chemical element used as contrast in MRI
101
fluoroscopy
visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous screen
102
magnetic resonance angiography
magnetic resonance angio; locate problems within blood vessels
103
ultrasonography
ultrasound, diagnostic ultrasound; imaging of dee body structures by recording echoes of sound wave pulses
104
sonogram
image created by ultrasonography
105
carotid ultrasonography
use sound waves to image carotid artery to detect obstruction
106
echocardiography
ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structure and motion of the heart
107
doppler echocardiogram
like echocardiogram, measures speed and direction of blood flow within heart
108
transesophageal echocardiography
ultrasonic imaging technique used to evaluate heart structures
109
nuclear medicine
uses drugs known as radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or treatment purposes, contain radioisotopes that produce radiation (gamma rays)
110
radionuclide tracer
radioactive tracer; specific to body system b being examined, in each radiopharmaceutical
111
nuclear scan
scintigram; diagnostic procedure using nuclear medicine technology to gather information about structure and function of organs or body systemss
112
bone scan
nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown
113
thyroid scan
radiopharmaceutical containing radioactive iodine, provides information about size, shape, location and relative activity of different parts of the thyroid gland
114
single photon emission computed tomography
type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computer reconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues or organs
115
position emission tomography
PET imaging; combines CT with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images o selected body organs or areas
116
pharmacology
study of the natter, uses and effects of drugs for medical purposes
117
prescription drug
medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order
118
over-the-counter drug
OTC; medication that can be purchased without a prescription
119
formulary
list of prescription drugs covered by a specific health care plan
120
physicians' desk reference
most commonly used drugs info guide
121
controlled substances
addictive prescription medication and illicit drugs who manufacture, possession and use are government regulated
122
drug tolerance
body gets used to medication
123
adversed drug reaction
side effect; undesirable reaction that accompanies principle response
124
adherence
compliance; patients consistency and accuracy in following regimen
125
contraindication
factor in patients condition that makes use of a medicine or treatment dangerous or ill advised
126
synegism
interaction of drugs that enhances effectiveness
127
idiosyncratic reaction
unexplained reaction that is peculiar to the individual
128
palliative
substance that eases pain or severity of symptoms
129
paradoxical reaction
result of medical treatment that yields opposite results
130
antipyretic
medication administered to prevent or reduce fever
131
analgesic
class of drugs that relieves pain
132
non-narcotic analgesics
sold OTC for mild-moderate pain
133
opioids
narcotics; sever pain, prescription only, have sedative effect, addictive
134
acetaminophen
reduces pain and fever but not inflammation
135
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
non-narcotic analgesics administered to control pain by decreasing inflammation and swelling ie. ibuprofen
136
pain relieving creams
topical analgesics
137
oral analgesics
relieve pain in and near mouth
138
transcutaneous electrical never stimulation
delivers electrical impulses to nerve endings
139
parenteral
taken into body or administer in a manner other than digestive tract
140
subcutaneous injection
into fatty layer just below skin
141
intradermal injection
made into middle layers of skin
142
intramuscular injection
directly into muscle tissue
143
PICC line
peripherally inserted central catheter; if need iv therapy for more than 7 days
144
bolus
bolus infusion; single concentrated dose of drug injected into blood vessel
145
durable medical equipment
prescribed by doctor that isn't medication ie wheelchair, crutches
146
wearable medical devices
use to track signs and symptoms
147
allopathic medicine
conventional, western, medical practices and systems of health care
148
alternative medicine
practice and systems of health care other than allopathic, used in place of
149
complementary medicine
practice and systems of health care other than allopathic, supplement treatments
150
integrative medicine
model of health care based on both allopathic and alternative
151
holistic
treatment approach that takes into consideration whole body and environment, body mind and spirit
152
wellness
actively working toward state of being in good physical and mental health
153
Ayurveda medicine
Hindu, emphasizes a holistic approach to preventative treatment via hygiene exercise, herbal preparation and yoga, and treatment with herbal medicine, physiotherapy and diet
154
traditional Chinese medicine
acupuncture, dial, herbal therapy, meditation, physical exercise and massage
155
kinesiology
study of body movements and physical activity
156
naturopathy
naturopathic medicine; combination of nutrition, medicinal supplements and herbs, water therapy, homeopathy and lifestyle modifications
157
herbal medicine
phytotherapy; use of plants as dietary supplements
158
homeopathy
involves use of substances created from plants or mineral products diluted in water or alcohol
159
mind-body therapies
reduce stress and prevent its negative effects on body
160
biofeedback
patient-guided treatment that teaches individuals to control muscle tension, pain, body temperature, brain waves and other bodily functions through relaxation, visualization and other cognitive control techniques
161
guided imagery
visualization; patient follows verbal prompts to envision and specific, peaceful location in detail to distance then from pain or stress
162
energy therapies
improve or maintain health by manipulation of body's energy flow or qi
163
acupressure
traditional Chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of body to restore flow of qi
164
acupuncture
traditional Chinese medical practice using very thing needles inserted into specific points of the body to restore flow of qi
165
Qi Gong
Chinese system of movement, breathing techniques and meditation to improve and enhance flow of qi
166
reiki
Japanese technique in which practitioner transfers healing energy to patients by visualization or gentle touch
167
osteopathic manipulative therapy
mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath
168
craniosacral therapy
use of gental touch to help body release tension, stress and trauma to correct restrictions resulting from stress on the central nervous system
169
myofacial release
soft-tissue manipulation technique used to each pain from fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, tempromandibular joint disorder and carpal tunnel syndrome
170
neuromuscular therapy
form of massage that fescues on applying pressure to trigger points
171
pharmacist
licensed specialist who formulates and dispenses prescribed medication
172
sonographer
technician specifically trained in technique of ultrasound
173
nuclear medicine technologist
specializes in proportion and administration of radiopharmaceutricals
174
acupuncturist
professional with extensive education in acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine
175
