Chapter 15 Flashcards
1
Q
Cranial Nerve I
A
Olfactory
2
Q
Cranial Nerve II
A
Optic
3
Q
Cranial Nerve III
A
Oculomotor
4
Q
Cranial Nerve IV
A
Trochlear
5
Q
Cranial Nerve V
A
Trigeminal
6
Q
Cranial Nerve VI
A
Abducens
7
Q
Cranial Nerve VII
A
Facial
8
Q
Cranial Nerve VIII
A
Vestibulocochlear
9
Q
Cranial Nerve IX
A
Glossopharyngeal
10
Q
Cranial Nerve X
A
Vagus
11
Q
Cranial Nerve XI
A
Accessory
12
Q
Cranial Nerve XII
A
Hypoglossal
13
Q
The olfactory nerve plays a part in
A
Smell
14
Q
The optic nerve plays a part in
A
Vision
15
Q
The oculomotor nerves are
A
Muscles of the eye
16
Q
The Trochlear nerves are
A
Muscles of the eye
17
Q
The trigeminal nerve plays a part in
A
Motor - Chewing
Sensory - Innervation of the face
18
Q
The Abducens nerve plays a part in
A
The abduction of the eyes laterally
19
Q
The Facial nerve innervates
A
The muscles of facial expression and taste
20
Q
The vestibulocochlear nerve is the
A
Sensory nerve for hearing balance
21
Q
The glossopharyngeal nerve plays a part in
A
Sensory - taste; innervates the tongue
22
Q
The vagus nerve plays a part in
A
Taste; Innervates the thorax and pharynx
23
Q
The accessory nerve is
A
Part of the vagus
24
Q
The hypoglossal moves
A
The tongue muscles
25
Chemoreceptors respond to
Chemicals in solutions
26
Tastebuds are a type of
Chemoreceptors
27
Chemoreceptors are located in the
Olfactory Epithelium
28
Photoreceptors respond to
light
29
Examples of photoreceptors are
Rods and cones
30
Rods and cones are located
in the retina
31
Thermoreceptors respond to
Temperature changes
32
Mechanoreceptors respond to
Mechanical force (touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch)
33
Corpuscles are
Mechanoreceptors
34
Proprioceptors respond to
Internal stimuli
35
Cutaneous receptors respond to
Heat, cold, pain, touch
36
Nociceptors respond to
Potentially damaging stimuli that could result in pain; extreme pain
37
T/F There are more receptors in the back than in the fingertips since the back is a bigger area
F) Since the back is large the receptors are more spread out, while the fingertips have lots of receptors in one small space.
38
Two-point touch discrimination is
How close two points on the skin can be and still be perceived as two separate points
39
The special senses are
```
Smell
Taste
Sight
Hearing
Equilibrium
```
40
Which of the special senses are chemical senses?
Smell and taste
41
How many taste buds do we have?
Around 10,000
42
Most taste buds are located
On the tongue
43
Taste buds are found in the
Papillae
44
Papillae are
Peglike projections of the tongue that make the surface slightly abrasive
45
Fungiform papillae are a type of
Taste bud
46
Fungiform papillae are found
Scattered over the entire tongue surface
47
Vallate papillae are (1) and (2) numerous
(1) Largest
| (2) Least
48
Vallate papillae form a
V at the back of the tongue
49
Filiform papillae are (1) and (2) numerous
(1) Smallest
| (2) Most
50
Filiform papillae contain
Keratin, which stiffens them and gives the tongue its whitish appearance
51
Filiform papillae don't contain
Taste buds
52
Which papillae are just for texture?
Filiform
53
Some taste buds are scattered on the (1), (2), (3), and (4)
(1) Soft palate
(2) Inner surface of the cheeks
(3) Pharynx
(4) Epiglottis of the larynx
54
Gustatory epithelial cells are
The receptor cells for taste
55
Gustatory hairs are
Long microvilli that are the sensitive portions of the gustatory epithelial cells
56
Basic taste sensations are
```
Sweet
Salty
Sour
Bitter
Umami
```
57
Sweet taste sensation involves
Sugars, Saccharin, Alcohols, some amino acids
58
Salty taste sensation involves
Metal ions
59
Sour taste sensation involves
Acids, specifically their hydrogen ions
60
Bitter taste sensation involves
alkaloids
61
Umami taste sensation involves
Amino acids glutamate and aspartate
62
Taste is what percent smell?
80%
63
The mouth contains what that influence taste?
Thermoreceptors, Mechamnoreceptors, and Nociceptors
64
How to temperature and texture affect taste?
They can enhance or detract from taste
65
The ear is made up of the
Inner, outer, and middle ear
66
The inner ear functions in
Equilibrium and hearing
67
The outer and middle ear are involved in
Hearing only
68
Auricle is also known as
Pinna
69
The auricle is the
Shell shaped projection surrounding the opening of the ear
70
What is the purpose of the auricle?
To funnel sound waves
71
The external auditory canal is
A short curved tube that extends from the auricle to the ear drum
72
The external auditory canal is filled with
Ceruminous glands that secrete cerumen (ear wax)
73
What does ear wax do?
Provides a protective sticky trap for foreign bodies and repels insects
74
Tympanic membrane is also known as the
Ear drum
75
The tympanic membrane is the boundary between
the middle and outer ears
76
The tympanic membrane does what?
Transfers sound to the middle ear
77
The middle ear is also known as
The tympanic cavity
78
The auditory ossicles are
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
79
The malleus is known as
The hammer
80
The incus is known as
The anvil
81
The stapes is known as
The stirrups
82
The bony labyrinth consists of
Vestibule
Cochlea
Semicircular canals
83
The vestibule is the
Central egg-shaped cavity
84
The cochlea extends from
The anterior part part of the vestibule
85
The cochlea is a
Spiny bony chamber
86
Scala vestibuli is
Continuous with the vestibule
87
Scala media is the
Cochlear duct
88
Scala Tympani ends at the
Membrane-covered round window
89
Semicircular canals lie
Posterior and lateral to the vestibule
90
(1)% of all of the sensory receptors in the body are in the (2)
(1) 70%
| (2) eyes
91
Accessory structures of the eye
Eyebrows
Eyelids
Eyelashes
Lacrimal apparatus
92
The lacrimal apparatus releases
A dilute saline solution
93
The eye muscles are divided into
Rectus muscles and Oblique muscles
94
The rectus muscles are
Superior
Inferior
Lateral
Medial
95
The oblique muslces are
Superior
| Inferior
96
What is diplopia?
Double vision
97
Diplopia can result from
Paralysis or weakness of certain extrinsic muscles
98
Diplopia can be treated with
Exercise
An eyepatch
Surgery
99
The structure of the eyeball is
Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Inner layer
100
The fibrous layer consists of
Sclera
| Cornea
101
What is the purpose of the sclera?
Protects and shapes the eye
| Anchors the extrinsic muscles
102
The cornea lets
Light enter the eye
103
The Vascular layer consists of
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
104
The choroid absorbs
Light and prevents it from scattering and reflecting within the eye
105
The ciliary body anchors
the suspensory ligaments that holds the lens in place
106
The iris is the
Colored part of the eye and lies between the cornea and the lens
107
The inner layer consists of
Retina
| Lens
108
The retina is a
Two layered membrane that absorbs light and prevents it from scattering in the eye
109
The retina is composed of
Ganglion cells
Optic disc
Rods
Cones
110
Ganglion cells leave the eye
As the thick optic nerve
111
Optic disc is where
The optic nerve exits the eye
112
Rods are
Dim-light and peripheral vision receptors
113
Cones are
Vision receptors for bright light
114
What is called the blind spot and why?
The retina, because it lack photoreceptors
115
The lens is
Biconvex, transparent, and a flexible structure
116
The lens can change
shape to precisely focus light on the retina
117
Is the lens vascular or avascular? Why?
Avascular, because blood vessels interfere with transparency
118
Where is the lens the thickest?
In the center
119
Myopia is
Near sighted
120
Hyperopia is
Far sighted
121
Presbyopia is
Bifocals/reading glasses
122
Astigmatism is
Uneven curving of the lens/cornea
123
Color blindness is due to
A lack of one or more cone pigments
124
What color are the cones?
Blue, Green, Red
125
What percent of men have some form of color blindness?
8-10%
126
What is the most common type of color blindness? Why?
Red-Green, because there is an X chromosome link passed from mom to son
127
People with what colorblindness don't realize it why?
Blue, because the eye fills in the colors
128
Night blindness is due to
A prolonged deficiency of vitamin A
