Chapter 15 Flashcards
(10 cards)
Humoral immunity
Lemonades extracellular antigens
B cells: differentiate into plasma cells in response to extracellular antigens
Y shaped antibodies
Cell mediated immunity CMI
Cellular immunity deals with antigens residing within a host cell
Attacks cancer cells
T cells (lymphocytes)
Naive lymphocyte
Never encountered antigen; cannot react until it receives confirming signals
Activated lymphocytes
Has received confirming signals, proliferates, differentiates
Effector lymphocytes: short lived, primary response
Memory lymphocytes: long-lived, activated more quickly to provide secondary response
B cell receptor (BCR)
Recognizes antigen by membrane-bound antibody; must receive T cell signal to proliferate
T cell subsets
Help eliminate antigen; differ in surface proteins, called CD markers
Cytotoxic T cell: destroys “corrupt” host cells
Helper T cell: directs/ assists adaptive immune responses
Regulatory T cells: stop immune system from overreacting in responding to harmless substances
TC vs TH cells
Effector helper T cells: activate B cells, macrophages; produce cytokines to direct and support other cells, including other T cells
Cytotoxic T cells: respond to intracellular antigens, induce cell to undergo apoptosis
Secondary lymphoid organs
Sites where lymphocytes gather to contact antigens
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
Peyers patches
Allow sampling of intestinal contents via specialized and cells, dendritic cells
Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Mucosal immunity: prevent microbial invasion via mucous membranes
Antigen
Antigens come from antibody generator
T-dependent antigens: B cell requires confirmation from TH cell to be activated; protein component
T-independent antigens: can activate B cells without TH cell help; include lipopolysaccharide and molecules with repeating subunits
