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Psychology 220 > Chapter 15 and 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 and 16 Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Middle adulthood age

A

Age 40-60

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2
Q

Changes or declines in many ___________ occur very gradually through the ____ and _____

A

Physical function

40
50’s

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3
Q

Middle adulthood is typically known as the peak for ______ and ______

A

Intellectual and creative peak

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4
Q

What new technology helps us with our brain?

A

MRI

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5
Q

________ matter volume crests during middle adulthood, while _____ matter volume continues to decline. The decline doesn’t stop until about ____ years old

A

White
Grey
60

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6
Q

New synapses are continuing to form, although more synapses are _____ than formed

A

Loss

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7
Q

What is the general rule for the brain

A

Areas of the brain that develop last ate the ones that begin to decline first.

Namely, areas located in frontal and partial lobes

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8
Q

The brains of _____ and ______ adults respond differently to sensory stimuli

A

Middle Aged

Younger

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9
Q

In everyday situations requiring intense concentration and rapid judgements (like driving a car)_________ perform better than ______

A

Middle aged adults

Younger adults

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10
Q

Climacteric

A

The years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

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11
Q

Menopause

A

The stopping of monthly menstrual cycles in middle aged women

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12
Q

In men, the ______ is extremely gradual, with a slow loss of reproductive capacity

A

Climacteric

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13
Q

Average age of menopause is:

A

50

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14
Q

3 stages of menopause

A

Premenopausal phase

Perimenopausal phase

Postmenopausal phase

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15
Q

Premenopausal stage

A

Stage of menopause where estrogen levels fall somewhat, menstural periods are less regular, and anovulatory cycles begin to occur

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16
Q

Anovultaory cycle

A

Menstrual cycle where no ovum is released

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17
Q

Perimenopausal phase

A

Stage of menopause where estrogen and progesterone levels are erratic, meastrual cycles are very irregular, and women begin to experience hot flashes

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18
Q

The _______ phase of menopause often causes sleep deprivation due to ____________ which make women feel they’re going crazy

A

Perimenopausal phase

Hot flashes

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19
Q

Postmenopasual phase

A

Last stage of menopause. Women is in this stage when it’s been a year or more with no period

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20
Q

Experts have reported no connection between __________ and ___________

A

Menopausal status

Major depressive disorder

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21
Q

Women with significant symptoms and whose symptoms last the longest experience the most _______ and _________

A

Depression

Negative moods

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22
Q

A great majority of middle aged adults remain ___________. Although frequency of _____ declines

A

Sexually active

Sex

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23
Q

Most physical symptoms and effects of _____ can be dramatically reduced by taking ______ and _______

A

Menopause

Estrogen
Progesterone

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24
Q

A low dosage of estrogen and progesterone acts the same as _____ alone; but without the increases risk of _______

A

Estrogen

Cancer

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25
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porous bones
26
Bone loss, aka osteoporosis begins at what age
30
27
Major consequences of bone loss density puts women at age_____ at higher risk for _____
50 Fractures
28
How osteoporosis can be prevented
Getting enough calcium by early adulthood Getting regular exercise Getting a bone mineral density test
29
Presbyopia
Norms loss of visual activity with aging, especially the ability to focus the eyes on near objects
30
Presbycusis
Normal loss of hearing with aging Specifically high frequency tones
31
Hearing loss accelerates after age:
55
32
There is a correlation between ________ and _______
Older age Working out / physical activity
33
The leading cause of death in middle adulthood is ________
Cancer
34
Men have a ____% chance of developing cancer
45
35
Women have a ____% chance of developing cancer
42
36
From dying of cancer, men have a ___% while women have a ___%
29 for men 24 for women
37
The most popular cancer type is :
Lung cancer
38
Cardio-vascular disease (CVD)
A set of disease processes in the heart and circulatory system
39
Atherosclerosis
Narrowing of the arteries caused my deposits of plaque, a fatty substance
40
Type A personality
Personality types associated with greater risk of coronary heart disease It includes time urgency, hostility and aggressiveness, achievement striving
41
Type D personality (D for Distress)
Chronic pattern of emotional distress, tendency to suppress negative emotions
42
_____ life expetency is higher than ______
Women’s Men’s
43
Women live longer, but they have more _____ and _____
Diseases and disabilities
44
Men die younger but are ______ while they’re alive
Healthier
45
Canadian men and women report improved _________ with increasing age
Mental health
46
Adults diagnosed with mental health issues earlier in their lives still have ___________
Difficulties in the Middle Ages
47
Alcoholism
Physical and psychological dependence on alcohol
48
Nancy Denney: changes with age on nearly any measure of physical or cognitive functioning ______________
Follow a typical curve
49
Any skills that is not fully exercised can be improved, even in old age, of that Individual ___________
Exercises that ability
50
Selective optimization with compensation
The process of balencing the gains and losses associated with aging
51
It is often hard to seperate the effects of ____ and _________ because they happen at the same time
Primary and secondary aging
52
Those with some kind of CVD shoe ealier and larger declines on ______________
Intellectual tests
53
Wheh in doubt, the answer is ______
Exercise Higher test scores, lower levels of diseases and greater longevity
54
Major deficits in memory and cognition do not occur until between age ___ to ____
60 to 65
55
Episodic memory
Recollections of personal events
56
Semantic memory
Recollections of general knowledge, facts, and word meanings
57
By using reminders or cues, middle aged adults are proficient with over coming ______________ limitation
Episodic memory
58
Most adults maintain or even gain skills on any task they _______ or is based on ________
Practice Specific learning
59
Middle aged adults outperform those who are younger on tasks that involve ______ and _______ reading material
Comprehending and remembering
60
Creativity
The ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas or solutions to problems
61
Typical scientists best work is when they’re _____ years old
40’s - 50’s
62
Generativity vs stagnation stage
The 7th stage of Erickson, in which middle aged adults find meaning in contributing to the development of younger individuals
63
Generativity
Sense that one is making valuable contribution to society by bringing up children or mentoring young people
64
_______ is positively related to mental health at this age, and is a more prominent theme for _____ than for ______
Generativity Women then men
65
Cultures that encourage respect for _______ by its _______ citizens have higher levels of generative acts and wel being in older citizens
Elders Younger
66
Valiant argued that there is a stage between ______ and _______ called ______________
Intimacy and generativity Career consolidation
67
Career consolidation
Creation of a new social network for which the middle aged adults primary work serves as a hub
68
Following generativity vs stagnation is another stage called ___________
Keeper of the meaning
69
Keeper of the meaning
Middle aged adults focus on preserving the institutions and values of their culture that they believe will benefit future generations
70
Midlife crisis theory
People no longer focus on “time since birth” and now see life as “time left before death”
71
Typically, midlife crisis happen at this age
Roughly 40
72
Life events approach
Theoretical perspective on middle adulthood that focuses on normative and non-normative events and how adults in this age group respond to them
73
Role conflict
Any situation in which two or more roles are at least partially incompatible, either because they call for different behaviours or because their seperate demand add up to more hours then there are in days Helping dad fix the garage or going to some baseball game
74
Role strain
The strain experienced by an individual whose own qualities or skills do not measure up to the demands of some role
75
Martial stability and satisfaction ______ on mid-life as conflicts over child-rearing and other matters ________
Increase Decline
76
_____ friendships increase while __________ friendships decrease
Shared Non-shared
77
Skilled diplomacy
A problem solving skill that involves the confrontation of the spouse about an issue, followed by a period during which the confronting spouse works to restore harmony
78
Skilled diplomacy is often seen more in _____
Women / wives
79
Multigenerational caregivers
Middle aged adults who are caring both for elderly parents and young adult children at the same time Called the Sandwhich generation
80
Caregiver burden
The cumulative negative effects of caring for an elderly or disabled person
81
Nearly __% of Canadians caregivers are experiencing the mid life squeeze
30
82
Even though these caregivers experience stress and other factors for taking care of so many people, it’s crucial to understand that:
The vast majority of these caregivers still experience personal satisfaction or enjoyment from providing assistance to care recipient
83
Almost __/__ Canadian adults become grandparents
6/10
84
3 basic styles of grand parenting
1) companionate relationships 2) remote relationships 3) involved relationships
85
Companionate relationships don’t
Grandparents have frequent contact and warm interactions with other grandchildren
86
Remote relationships
Grandparents do not see their grandchildren often
87
Involved relationships
Grandparents are directly involved in the everyday care of grandchildren or have close emotional ties with them
88
The total number of friends in mid adulthood is _____ than that in younger adulthood
Lower
89
Friendships depends less on ____________ than on a sense that friends are there to provide ___________
Frequent contact Social support
90
The big 5 personality traits are relatively ______ from childhood to adult age
Stable
91
In adult age, ______, _______, and _______ decline
Openness, extraversion, and neuroticism
92
______, and ———— increases until age 70
Agreeableness and conscientiousness
93
________ become less negative over time
Women
94
Personality is an important contributor to middle aged adults capacity for _____________
Managing stress
95
Burnout
Lack of energy, exhaustion, and pessimism that results from chronic stress
96
Selection
Involved narrowing ones range of activities, by focussing on only the most central tasks, giving responsibility to others
97
Optimization
Involves the deliberate “exercise” of crucial abilities so as to remain as close to maximum skill as possible
98
Compensation
Involves pragmatic strategies for overcoming specific obstacles, such as getting stronger glasses or better hearing aids
99
Selective optimization with compensation steps
Selection Optimization Compensation
100
Emplyees tend to favour ______ people as new employees
Younger
101
Involuntary career changes often experience more ________ disorders and ___________. Financial stress and martial issues. To overcome this, people need strong _____________
Mental health Physical illness Supportive relationships
102
All the bad impacts from involuntary career change are immediately reversed once:
You get another job
103
Voluntary career change
Leave on career to pursue another for a variety of reasons such as a more fulfilling job
104
Involuntary nonmobility
Particularly when a worker remains in a non preferred job but can’t find work anywhere else
105
Many middle aged adults start preparing for retiring ____ years in advance
15
106
Bridge employment
Typically a job that is related to the retiree career but is less demanding than the job from which she is retiring
107
Financial literacy
Knowing how much to save up for retirement

Psychology 220 (10 decks)

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