Chapter 9 and 10 Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
Middle childhood age
A
6-12 (school age)
2
Q
Each year children grow _____cm and _____ kg
A
5-8cm
2.75kg
3
Q
Girls at this age have
A
Slightly less muscle and more fat
4
Q
Larger muscle coordination continue to improve, resulting in
A
New skills like riding bikes, strength and speed increases, and hand eye coordination
5
Q
Fine motor skills changes account for
A
Improved writing skills
Ability to play instrument
Drawing
Cutting
6
Q
Sex differences account for girls to be
And boys to be
A
Girls to be better coordinated but slower than boys
7
Q
Steady increases in the _______ of neural axons across the _________
A
Myelinzation
Cerebral cortex
8
Q
The _________ continues to improve causing
A
Reticular formation
Far better improved attention skills
9
Q
Selective attention
A
Ability to focus cognitive activity on the important elements of a problem or a situation
Test is blue instead of white, doesn’t matter, the test is important
10
Q
Association areas
A
Parts of brain where sensory, motor, and intellectual functions are linked
11
Q
Spatial perception
A
The ability to identify and act on relationships between objects in space
Imagining a rooms furniture moving
12
Q
Relative right or left orientation
A
The ability to identify right and left from multiple perspective
The left of my throat, the doctors right
13
Q
Spatial cognition
A
Ability to infer rules from and make predictions about the movement of objects in space
Driving and deciding if you have enough space to pass a moving car
14
Q
Human connectome
A
The map of stuctural and functional neural connections of the human brain and nervous system
15
Q
By age 9, ___/____ of children are ______
A
1/3 tired in morning
16
Q
Most common cause of death in children age 5-9
A
Unintentional injury
30 percent of fatalities
17
Q
Fatal injury reasons
A
Car accidents and drowning
18
Q
Traumatic brain injury
A
Injury to head that fucks brain function
Loss of consciousness, confusion or drowsiness
19
Q
Underweight BMI
A
BMI below 5th percentile
20
Q
Overweight
A
BMI above 85th percentile
21
Q
Obese
A
BMI above 95th percentile
22
Q
Kids who are fat at a young age tend to
A
Be fat at an older age
23
Q
Being overweight can lead to ___________
A
Type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease
24
Q
Children in this age are in Piaget’s ________ stage
A
Concrete operational
25
Concrete operational stage review
The 3rd stage
Children think logically about objects and events in real world
26
Decentration
Thinking that takes multiple variables into account
The color of the dog, the size, the texture
Not just colour
27
Reversibility
Understanding that both physical actions and mental operations can be revered
A clay ball can be made into a sausage and back into a ball
28
Inductive logic
Type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences
“Friends parents have big house and servants, therefore they’re rich”
29
Deductive logic
Type of reasoning based on hypothetical premises that require predicting a specific outcome from a general principle
Asking a child if a whale is a fish, child will incorrectly guess it as a fish as it has attributes of a fish
30
Horizontal declage
The time is takes children to apply their new cognitive skills to all kinds of problems
31
Class Inclusion
Understanding that subordinate classes are included in larger, superprdiante classes
Bananas>fruit>food
32
Processing efficiency
The ability to make efficient use of short term memory capacity
33
Automaticity
Ability to recall information from long term memory without using short term memory capacity
7x7
Child can say 49 without really thinking about it
34
Executive processes
Information-processing skills that involve devising and carrying out strategies for remembering and problem solving
Based on knowing how the mind works
10 year old know better than 8 year olds that attending to a story requires effort
35
Memory strategies
Learned methods for remembering information
36
Expertise
The more knowledge a person has about a topic, the more efficiently their information processing system will work
Adavanved skills in one area does not open memory to all
37
Rehearsal
Saying a phone number over and over again when going to punch it in
38
Organization
Grouping ideas together
39
Elaboration
Finding shared meaning for two or more things
40
Mnemonic
ROY G BIV
41
Systematic searching
Scanning the memory
42
Language at 5-6
Children mastered their language basics
Can have strong conversation and act like a mini adult
5000-10000 new words per year
43
Literacy
Ability to read and write
44
Systematic and explicit phonics
Planned, specific instructions in sound - letter correspondence
45
Balenced approach
Reading instructions that combines explicit phonics instructions with other strategies for helping children acquire literacy
Phonics + other = literacy
46
Bilingual education
Children get instructions in 2 different languages
47
Achievement test
Designed to assess specific Information learned in school
48
Assessment (don’t over think this)
Formal and Informal methods of gathering info that can be used for programming to improve student learning
No marks or grades
49
Evaluations
Assigning grades or marks to students performance
50
Howard gardeners theory of multiple intelligence
8 different aspects of intelligence
Some have many, some have few
```
Linguistic
Logical / math
Music
Spatial
Body
Naturalistic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
```
51
Robert sternvergs triarchric theory of intelligence
Contextual intelligence
Experiential intelligence
Componential intelligence
52
Contextual intelligence
Knowing the right behavior for specific situation
53
Experiential intelligence
Involves leaning to give specific responses without thinking about them
54
Componential intelligence
Persons ability to come up with effective strategies
55
Daniel Goldman’s theory of emotional intelligence
1) awareness of our own emotions
2) ability to express our emotions appropriately
3) capacity to channel our emotions into pursuits of worthwhile goals
56
Group difference in achievement
Boys and girls IQ test are similar
Girls get better marks in school than boys
57
Analytical style
Tendency to focus on the details of a task
58
Relational style
Tendency to ignore details of a task in order to focus on the big picture
59
Types of exceptionalities
```
Behavior disorders
Comminication disorders
Sensory impairment
Intellectual differences
Physical disorders
Impaired health
```
60
Various disabilities and attention problems are correlated with ______
Achievement
61
Teaches now place ________________ on a child’s ____________
Teaches now place emphasis on a child’s academic strengths and style of processing information
62
Learning disability
Disorder in which a child has difficulty mastering a specific academic skill
63
Exceptional child
Child who has special learning needs
Either disabled or gifted
64
Program accommodations
Adjustment of teaching methods in order to help child who has special needs
65
Modified programs
Changes in curriculum so modified outcome differs from standard curriculum
66
Individual education plan
Written document containing learning and behavioural objectives
67
Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A disorder that makes it difficult to attend and complete tasks
68
Cause of ADHD
Unknown
69
Infants born early are more prone to
ADHD
70
_____ children require more sensory stimulation
ADHD
71
ADHD is uncaused by
Toxins, diet, and environment
72
Parents have a major effect on ADHD child as they may treat them
Differently, as hopeless causes. Mean and abusing
73
ADHD make it so those who have the impairment have difficulty ____
Sleeping
74
Characteristics of ADHD
Higher activity level
Lower ability to sustain attention
Low impulse control
75
3 types of ADHD
Hyperactive-impulsive
Inattentive
Combined
76
Treatment for ADHD
Ritilin
77
Middle childhood years social and personality development
Self perceived competence
78
Psychoanalytic perspective
Middle childhood years is about emotional bonds!!
Bond with peers opposed to parents
Freud
79
Ericsson’s view
Industry vs inferiority
Child develops sense of their own competence though mastering culturally defined tasks
80
Big 5 personality traits (OCEAN)
```
Openness
Consciousness
Extraversion
Aggreablenss
Neuroticism
```
81
Trait
Stable pattern of responding to situations
82
Extraversion
High activity level, social, positive emotions
83
Agreeableness
Effort control
Positive emotion
Generous
Kinda
84
Consciousness
Organized, reliable, responsible
Effortful control
85
Neuroticism
Negative emotion
Unstable
Worry
86
Openness
Approach new situations
| Curious
87
Social cognitive perspective
BANDURA
All about how the environment, behavior and personality affect a person
88
Reciprocal determinism
The 3 factors working their magic
Environmental, Behaviorul, and personal
89
Psychological self
Persons understanding of their psychological characteristics
The older you get the more complex you think
90
Self efficacy
Individuals belief in her capacity to cause an intended event to occur
91
What helps self efficacy
Peer models
Encouragement from knowledgeable peoplE
Individuals real LIFE EXPERIENCES
92
Self esteem
The global evaluation of ones own self worth
93
How self esteem develops
Mental comparisons of children’s ideal selves and their actual experiences
94
One challenging aspect of self concept is
Spiritual self
95
Children’s ability to understand others is enhanced by the development of a __________
Theory of mind
96
Moral reasoning
Process of making judgements about the rightness or wrongness of a specific act
97
Moral realism stage
First of Piaget’s stages of moral development
Children believe rules are inflexible
Rules are made and made for a reason
98
Moral relativism stage
Second of Piaget’s moral reasoning stage
Many rules can be changed through social agreement
Give batters 4 strikes opposed to 3
99
Self regulation
Children’s ability to conform to parental standards or behavior without supervision
100
What leads a child to self regulate
Parents own ability to self regulate
They’re the child’s model
Higher expectations with parental supervision helps too
101
Having a ______ is super important! By age ten you build _______ trust
Best friend
Reciprocal
102
Gender segregation
Boys play with boys
| Girls play with girls
103
Boys play
Outdoors and roam large areas
Competition and dominance
104
Girls play
In small groups or pairs, fairly exclusive, indoors or near home
105
Psychical aggression begins to be __________ as children __________
Less common
| Learn the cultural rules about when and how much anger is acceptable
106
At every age, boys show
More physical aggression and more assertiveness than girls
107
Rational aggression
Aggression aimed at damaging another person self esteem or peer relationship
Gossiping, facial expressions
108
Retaliatory aggression
Aggression to get back at someone who has hurt you
109
Lower socioeconomic families show
More aggression than higher SES famailies
110
Social status types
Popular
Rejected
Neglected
111
Popular
Attractive children, physically larger,
112
Rejected
Different from ones peers
Shy children
Highly creative
Troubles with emotions
113
Children’s social behavior is more inportant than ______ or ______
Looks or temperament
114
Neglect
Children who are neglected experience depression and loneliness
115
Self care children
Children who are home alone after school for an hour or more
116
Self care children are more
Poorly adjusted in school performance and peer relationships
117
Children under 10 do not have the skills to
Evaluate risks and emergencies when home alone
118
How many hours of tv is sughested
2 hours or less
119
Canadian children between 2 and 11 watch
21 hours of screens a week
Tv is an impact on children
