Chapter 15 Part 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Humanistic Perspective
Emphasized human potential and seeing the world through the person’s (not the researcher’s) eyes.
Terror-management Theory
Proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death.
Abraham Maslow
Psychologist most well known for his work in the humanistic perspective.
Self-actualization
According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential.
Carl Rogers
Believed that in order for self-actualization to occur, three conditions were required: genuineness, acceptance, empathy.
Unconditional Positive Regard
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
Self-Concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?”
Trait Perspective
Explains personality in terms of biology. Focuses on how a lot of our personality is predetermined.
Traits
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.
Gordon Allport
Most famous trait theorist. Came to define personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns.
Factor Analysis
The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together.
Personality Inventories
A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.
MMPI
The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes.
Empirically Derived
A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.
The Big Five
Personality Factors: conscientious, agreeableness, neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability), openness, extraversion.
Social-Cognitive Perspective
They view behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.
Reciprocal Determinism
Interacting influences between personality and environmental factors. Personal determinants, behavioral determinants, environmental determinants.
Personal Control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.
External Locus of Control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate.
Internal Locus of Control
The perception that one controls one’s own fate.
Martin Seligman
Modern day Abraham Maslow
Learned Helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.
Positive Psychology
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.
Spotlight Effect
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).
