Chapter 16 Vocab Flashcards
(29 cards)
4 D’s
Deviant, Distressful, Dysfunctional, Dangerous
Diathesis Stress Model
A psychological theory that explains behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors (“nature”), and life experiences (“nurture”).
Psychological Disorder
Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Medical Model
The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured.
DSM-V
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
Labeling Effects
When labels can stigmatize a person by biasing others’ interpretations and perceptions of past and present behaviors and by affecting the way people react to the labeled person.
Anxiety Disorder
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Phobic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or stimulation.
Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavoidable when panic strikes. Phobia of open places.
Specific Phobia
Fear of a specific object.
Social Phobia
An intense fear of being scrutinized by others. They may avoid speaking up, eating out, or going to parties - or will sweat, tremble, or have diarrhea when doing so.
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) - excessive hand washing, repetitive rituals, checking and locking doors.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
Dissociative Disorders
A disease in which a person appears to experience a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
Mood Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
Mania
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
Bipolar Disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
Delusions
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
