Chapter 16

Question 1

Which of the following BEST describes a use of a fire stream?

Select one:

a. Dispersing hot smoke and fire gases from a heated area
b. Scattering heavy weight fuel loads
c. Creating a protective curtain between bystanders and fire personnel
d. Pressure-washing soot and debris from apparatus and equipment

Answer 1

a.Dispersing hot smoke and fire gases from a heated area

Question 2

To extinguish by cooling, the fire stream must:

Select one:

a. be fully vaporized into steam.
b. fully saturate the fuel source.
c. absorb heat faster than fire generates heat.
d. absorb over 50 percent of heat generated by the fire.

Answer 2

c.absorb heat faster than fire generates heat.

Question 3

Which size fire stream flows 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/min to 1 400 L/min)?

Select one:

a. Handline stream
b. High-volume stream
c. Master stream
d. Low-volume stream

Answer 3

a.Handline stream

Question 4

Which of the following hoseline sizes are used to supply a handline stream?

Select one:

a. ¾-inch (20 mm), 1-inch (25 mm), or 1½-inch (38 mm) hoselines
b. 2½- to 3-inch (65 mm to 77 mm) hoselines
c. 1½- to 3-inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hoselines
d. 3½ - to 5-inch (88 mm to 125 mm) hoselines

Answer 4

c.1½- to 3-inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hoselines

Question 5

Which of the following nozzle categories was established by NFPA®1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections?

Select one:

a. Piercing
b. Straight tip
c. Rockwood
d. Bresnan

Answer 5

b.Straight tip

Question 6

Which of the following fire stream patterns can be used for hydraulic ventilation?

Select one:

a. Broken-stream
b. Straight stream
c. Fog-stream
d. Solid stream

Answer 6

c.Fog-stream

Question 7

As water is vaporized into steam, it expands approximately ____ its original volume.

Select one:

a. 1,000 times
b. 1,700 times
c. 2,200 times
d. 700 times

Answer 7

b.1,700 times

Question 8

Fire stream pattern types are defined by the specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle and the size of the:

Select one:

a. type of apparatus generating the nozzle pressure.
b. volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute.
c. specific type of fuel that the fire stream is being used on.
d. water source that is used for the specific fire stream.

Answer 8

b.volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about smooth bore nozzles is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Hoselines may kink as smooth bore nozzles use less pressure.
b. Smooth bore nozzles operate at high nozzle pressures.
c. Smooth bore nozzles are very prone to clogging with debris.
d. Smooth bore nozzles may be adjusted, resulting in different patterns.

Answer 9

a.Hoselines may kink as smooth bore nozzles use less pressure.

Question 10

Which statement about constant-pressure fog nozzles is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Constant-pressure fog nozzles for handlines are only designed for low-flow rates.
b. The operator can vary the flow rate while maintaining constant nozzle pressure.
c. Constant-pressure fog nozzles are reliable when the operating pressure is less than 100 psi (700 kPa).
d. The operator can vary flow rate but must also change the nozzle pressure.

Answer 10

b.The operator can vary the flow rate while maintaining constant nozzle pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following types of fog nozzles provides a constant discharge rate throughout a range of patterns?

Select one:

a. Constant pressure
b. Basic
c. Constant/select gallonage
d. Constant gallonage

Answer 11

d.Constant gallonage

Question 12

Latent Heat of Vaporization is:

Select one:

a. the temperature at which the rate of vaporization begins to decrease.
b. the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree.
c. the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without temperature change.
d. the temperature at which a substance turns to steam.

Answer 12

c.the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without temperature change.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about operating fog nozzles on handlines is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Fog nozzle flow rates may be adjusted quickly with no nozzle reaction.
b. As the fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction decreases and the nozzle is easier to handle.
c. Adjustable fog nozzles must be turned off for the operator to adjust the flow.
d. Fog nozzles are more difficult to handle than smooth bore nozzles.

Answer 13

b.As the fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction decreases and the nozzle is easier to handle.

Question 14

Which of the following fire stream patterns produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon (liter)?

Select one:

a. Fog-stream
b. Solid stream
c. Broken-stream
d. Straight stream

Answer 14

b.Solid stream

Question 15

Characteristics of water that make it valuable for fire extinguishment include:

Select one:

a. an ability to change to steam with little energy required.
b. a single application method.
c. a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other agents.
d. low coefficient of friction.

Answer 15

c.a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other agents.

Question 16

Which fire stream pattern is produced by a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle?

Select one:

a. Broken-stream
b. Fog-stream
c. Solid stream
d. Straight stream

Answer 16

c.Solid stream

Question 17

How may gravity, friction of air, and wind act on a solid fire stream?

Select one:

a. They may make the stream more conductive to electricity.
b. They may cause the steam to remain compact for too long.
c. They may alter the rate of vaporization.
d. They may decrease the reach of the stream.

Answer 17

d.They may decrease the reach of the stream.

Question 18

Which of the following BEST describes the rate of discharge of a low-volume stream?

Select one:

a. Less than 40 gpm (160 L/m)
b. 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/m to 1 400 L/m)
c. More than 350 gpm (1 400 L/min)
d. 100 to 250 gpm (380 L/m to 950 L/m)

Answer 18

a.Less than 40 gpm (160 L/m)

Question 19

The loss of water pressure in a hoseline is the most common example of:

Select one:

a. breakover.
b. vaporization.
c. friction loss.
d. water hammer.

Answer 19

c.friction loss.

Question 20

When used with a smooth bore nozzle, a nozzle control valve that causes turbulence when partially open which can affect the quality of a fire stream is the:

Select one:

a. rotary control valve.
b. ball valve.
c. slide valve.
d. standpipe valve.

Answer 20

b.ball valve.

Question 21

Which of the following BEST describes a fog-stream?

Select one:

a. A compact stream with little shower or spray
b. A fire stream broken into coarsely divided droplets
c. A fine spray composed of tiny water droplets
d. A semi-solid stream

Answer 21

c.A fine spray composed of tiny water droplets

Question 22

Which of the following statements about cellar nozzles is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Cellar nozzles can be used to apply compressed air foam.
b. Cellar nozzles are driven into place with a mallet, sledge hammer, or flathead axe.
c. Cellar nozzles are lowered into confined spaces through a hole cut in an overhead surface.
d. Cellar nozzle standards are established by NFPA® 1963.

Answer 22

c.Cellar nozzles are lowered into confined spaces through a hole cut in an overhead surface.

Question 23

Which of the following is a factor that may affect a fire stream?

Select one:

a. Compartment temperature
b. Steam conversion rate
c. Wind direction and velocity
d. Location of control zones

Answer 23

c.Wind direction and velocity

Question 24

Which statement about water streams is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Water in a solid stream absorbs heat more rapidly.
b. A stream broken into small droplets absorbs heat less efficiently.
c. A stream broken into small droplets has a greater surface area.
d. A solid stream has greater surface area to absorb heat.

Answer 24

c.A stream broken into small droplets has a greater surface area.

Question 25

Which statement about fire stream limiting factors is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Fire streams have an effective forward velocity of 40 to 60 feet per second (12.2 to 18.3 meters per
second) .
b. Friction with air has greater effect on solid streams than on fog- streams.
c. Surface tension can cause fire streams to overshoot the target.
d. Gravity causes fire streams to separate and lose shape.

Answer 25

d.Gravity causes fire streams to separate and lose shape.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about water hammer is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Water hammer creates a startling noise, but no real damage.
b. Water hammer can damage water mains, plumbing, fire hose, hydrants, and fire pumps.
c. The effects of water hammer are greater at lower flow rates.
d. Water hammer is caused by air and turbulence in hose lines.

Answer 26

b.Water hammer can damage water mains, plumbing, fire hose, hydrants, and fire pumps.

Question 27

Additional personnel will be required to safely handle smooth bore nozzles at nozzle pressures greater than:

Select one:

a. 100 psi (700 kPa).
b. 50 psi (350 kPa).
c. 65 psi (450 kPa).
d. 75 psi (525 kPa).

Answer 27

c.65 psi (450 kPa)

Question 28

Which of the following is a characteristic of nozzles designed to operate at pressures less than 100 psi (700 kPa)?

Select one:

a. Produce fire streams with greater velocity
b. Produce droplets of smaller size
c. Have more nozzle reaction
d. Produce lower-density fog patterns

Answer 28

d.Produce lower-density fog patterns

Question 29

Which type of nozzle can be used to effectively control fires in concealed spaces?

Select one:

a. Stacked tip
b. Smooth bore
c. Adjustable fog (xx)
d. Piercing

Answer 29

d.Piercing

Question 30

Which of the following statements about friction loss is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Friction has little effect on the rate of water flow.
b. The longer the hose lay, the higher the friction loss.
c. Friction increases pressure at the nozzle.
d. The larger the hose, the higher the friction loss

Answer 30

b.The longer the hose lay, the higher the friction loss.

Question 31

To prevent water hammer:

Select one:

a. close control valves slowly.
b. bleed air from hoselines.
c. use ball valve controls.
d. flush debris from nozzles.

Answer 31

a.close control valves slowly.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about fog nozzles is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Fog nozzles must be turned off before flow can be adjusted.
b. Fog nozzles can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern.
c. Fog nozzles cannot be used to apply foam.
d. Fog nozzles do not allow selection of different stream patterns.

Answer 32

b.Fog nozzles can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about fire steam nozzles is most accurate?

Select one:

a. Broken-stream delivery devices are used to apply water in confined spaces.
b. Smooth bore nozzles are designed to give water a fan shape before discharge.
c. Fog nozzles do little to shape the fire stream.
d. Smooth bore and fog nozzles are used only on handlines.

Answer 33

a.Broken-stream delivery devices are used to apply water in confined spaces.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about smooth bore nozzle reaction is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Additional personnel are required for operating smooth bore nozzles on all hoselines.
b. Lean backward to control nozzle as action increases.
c. Nozzle valves should be opened slowly to minimize water hammer.
d. Increasing discharge pressure and flow rate increases nozzle reaction.

Answer 34

d.Increasing discharge pressure and flow rate increases nozzle reaction.

Question 35

Which statement about broken-streams is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. The effects of a broken-stream cannot be created by another stream type.
b. Coarse droplets absorb less heat per gallon (liter) than a solid stream does.
c. A broken-stream has less reach and penetration than a fog- stream.
d. Broken-streams may have sufficient continuity to conduct electricity.

Answer 35

d.Broken-streams may have sufficient continuity to conduct electricity.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about maintaining nozzles is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Nozzles should be thoroughly cleaned once per year with soap, water, and a soft bristle brush.
b. Nozzles should be stored with the control bale in the open position.
c. Nozzles should be inspected after each use, and at least weekly.
d. Maintenance, care and cleaning should be performed according to manufacturer’s recommendations.

Answer 36

d.Maintenance, care and cleaning should be performed according to manufacturer’s recommendations.

Question 37

A fire stream is a stream of water or extinguishing agent after it:

Select one:

a. is pressurized by the pump and passes into the fire hose.
b. is fully vaporized by the heat of the fire.
c. comes in contact with the desired target.
d. leaves the fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target.

Answer 37

d.leaves the fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target.

Question 38

The primary way water extinguishes fire is by:

Select one:

a. excluding oxygen.
b. absorbing heat.
c. saturating dry fuel.
d. neutralizing the chemical reaction.

Answer 38

b.absorbing heat.

Question 39

In actual operation, fire stream angles between ___ provide maximum reach.

Select one:

a. 30 to 34 degrees
b. 20 to 24 degrees
c. 15 to 19 degrees
d. 45 to 49 degrees

Answer 39

a.30 to 34 degrees

Question 40

Which of the following statements about water pressure is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. If the nozzle is below the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased.
b. Gravity has little effect on nozzle pressure.
c. Adjusting pump pressure has little effect in overcoming elevation loss/gain.
d. If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased

Answer 40

d.If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased.

Question 41

Which of the following nozzle control valves also controls the discharge pattern of the fire stream?

Select one:

a. Standpipe valve
b. Slide valve
c. Ball valve
d. Rotary control valve

Answer 41

d.Rotary control valve

Question 42

Which of the following fire stream patterns is usually produced by a fog nozzle?

Select one:

a. Cellar stream
b. Solid stream
c. Broken-stream
d. Straight stream

Answer 42

d.Straight stream

Question 43

Which of the following stream patterns is used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces?

Select one:

a. Cellar stream
b. Solid stream
c. Straight stream
d. Broken-stream

Answer 43

d.Broken-stream

Question 44

Which stream is created by apparatus-mounted appliances?

Select one:

a. Low-volume stream
b. High-volume stream
c. Handline stream
d. Master stream

Answer 44

d.Master stream

Question 45

Which nozzle produces a compact stream with little shower or spray?

Select one:

a. Smooth bore nozzle
b. Cellar nozzle
c. Constant gallonage fog nozzle
d. Piercing nozzle

Answer 45

a.Smooth bore nozzle

Question 46

Which of the following statements about slide valves is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Slide valves use a ball with a smooth waterway that rotates 90
b. Slide valves permit water to flow without creating turbulence.
c. Slide valves use an exterior barrel guided by a screw and sliding along an interior barrel.
d. Slide valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of the fire stream.

Answer 46

b.Slide valves permit water to flow without creating turbulence.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about fog-streams is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Fog-streams have the greatest reach of all fire streams.
b. Fog-steams have greater reach and penetration than broken-streams.
c. Fog-streams are less affected by wind than are other streams.
d. Fog-streams may be used to cool the hot fire gas layer.

Answer 47

d.Fog-streams may be used to cool the hot fire gas layer.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Solid streams are more likely to conduct electricity.
b. Broken-streams have less reach and penetration than fog- streams.
c. Wide angle fog patterns have the greater forward velocity than other patterns.
d. Fog-streams are less affected by wind than are solid streams.

Answer 48

a.Solid streams are more likely to conduct electricity.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. The relief valve influences the reach of a fire stream.
b. The type of nozzle determines the critical flow rate.
c. The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle.
d. Hydrant pressure determines the shape of the fire stream.

Answer 49

c.The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle.

Question 50

Friction loss may be overcome by:

Select one:

a. curving the hoseline.
b. inserting in-line gauges in the layout.
c. decreasing hose size.
d. increasing pump pressure.

Answer 50

d.increasing pump pressure.

Question 51

The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree is called:

Select one:

a. British Thermal Unit (Joule).
b. Latent Heat of Vaporization.
c. Specific Heat.
d. Standard International Heat Unit.

Answer 51

c.Specific Heat.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about fire stream types is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. The pattern must maintain its shape at least 50 percent of the reach of the fire stream.
b. The pattern must be compact enough for the water to reach the burning material.
c. The pattern must supply at least 50 percent of the critical flow rate.
d. The pattern type must be correctly matched to the pattern size.

Answer 52

b.The pattern must be compact enough for the water to reach the burning material.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about vaporization and steam is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Steam produced on contact with hot surfaces has little effect on the total volume of the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases.
b. Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases will cause the upper layer to contract toward the ceiling.
c. Steam produced on contact with hot surfaces is more likely to result in complete vaporization of the fire stream.
d. Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases may cause the upper layer to expand downward.

Answer 53

b.Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases will cause the upper layer to contract toward the ceiling.