Chapter 18: Urinary System

Question 1

6 Functions of Urinary System:
(RRRRRA)

Answer 1

-Removal of waste
-Regulation of blood volume
-Regulation of pH
-Regulation of RBC
-Regulation of blood solute concentration
-Activates Vitamin D

Question 2

Specific functions of the 4 structures:
(KIDNEY, URETER, URINARY BLADDER, & URETHRA)

Answer 2

KIDNEY: forms urine

URETER: transport urine from kidney -> ureter

URINARY BLADDER: stores urine

URETHRA: releases urine out

Question 3

TRUE/FALSE
Urinary system ONLY activates Vitamin D, it does not produce it

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There are 2 kidneys (1 left & 1 right), which is higher?

Answer 4

Left kidney is higher than right kidney

Question 5

What will the kidney do?

Answer 5

kidney will produce urine & release it, BUT concentration of urine CANNOT be altered

Question 6

YES/NO
Can the concentration of urine be altered?

Answer 6

NO, it cannot be altered

Question 7

Name the order of urine flow
(hint: there are 4 structures)

Answer 7

Kidney -> Ureter -> Urinary Bladder -> Urethra

Question 8

TRUE/FALSE
The right kidney is lower than the left kidney

Answer 8

TRUE (left kidney is higher)

Question 9

What is another name for adrenal glands? (pinto-bean shaped things on kidney)

Answer 9

Suprarenal glands

Question 10

Renal hilum
(Hint: R for Root)

Answer 10

Root of the kidney

Question 11

There are 4 structures within the Renal Hilum.

There are 2 that ENTER the kidney, which are they?

AND… there are the other 2 that LEAVE the kidney, which are they?

Answer 11

ENTER kidney:
-Renal artery
-Renal nerve

EXIT kidney:
-Renal vein
-Ureter

Question 12

Renal capsule:

Answer 12

outermost layer

Question 13

Renal cortex:

Answer 13

outer-edge found deep within renal capsule

Question 14

Renal medulla:

Answer 14

inner area

Question 15

Renal pyramids:

Answer 15

cone-shapes found in medulla

Question 16

what is the extension between the cortex & medulla?
OR
basically, between the pyramids
(HINT: Renal _____)

Answer 16

Renal column

Question 17

Minor calyx

Answer 17

funnel-like & yellow structure; draining apex of pyramid

Question 18

When there are 2 minor calyx, then that will form a new structure called…

Answer 18

major calyx

Question 19

How is a major calyx formed?

Answer 19

when 2 minor calyx merge together

Question 20

What does the major calyx form?

Answer 20

Renal pelvis

Question 21

ORDER of macroscopic urine flow:
(HINT: starts w/ minor calyx to urethra)

Answer 21

-minor calyx
-major calyx
-renal pelvis
-ureter
-urinary bladder
-urethra

Question 22

What is the MOST BASIC FUNCTIONING UNIT of the kidney?

Answer 22

-Nephron

Question 23

What are the 4 renal corpusule structures?

Answer 23

-Bowman’s capsule
-Bowman’s space
-Glomerulus
-Podiastyle

Question 24

What are podiacytes?

Answer 24

cells w/ foot processes

Question 25

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 25

network of capillaries

Question 26

Afferent arteriole

Answer 26

blood vessels INTO glomerulus (rises it)

Question 27

Efferent arteriole

Answer 27

blood vessels DRAINING//OUT of glomerulus (gives rise to peritubular capillaries)

Question 28

What is filtrate?

Answer 28

fluids that are collected @ Bowman's capsule

Question 29

Order of filtrate level:

Answer 29

Renal capsule -> PCT -> Loops -> DCT -> CD -> Minor calyx -> Major calyx -> Renal pelvis -> Ureter

Question 30

Once the filtrate exits the COLLECTING DUCT, urine will appear and goes through the [name the order of macroscopic level]

Question 31

Which is the "work-horse"?

Answer 31

PCT