CHAPTER 17

Question 1

The process by which DNA directs protein Synthesis

Answer 1

Gene Expression

Question 2

2 stages of gene expression

Answer 2

Transcription and translation

Question 3

Is the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

What does Transcription produce?

Answer 4

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

Question 5

Is the synthesis of Polypeptide using information in the mRNA

Answer 5

Translation

Question 6

Are the sites of translation

Answer 6

Ribosomes

Question 7

What does the transcription of a protein-coding eukaryotic gene results in?

Answer 7

pre-mRNA

Question 8

Is the initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing

Answer 8

Primary Transcript

Question 9

What is the cellular COC

Answer 9

DNA - RNA - PROTEIN

Question 10

Pries the DNA strands apart and joins together the RNA nucleotides

Answer 10

RNA Polymerase

Question 11

The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches to is called the?

Answer 11

Promoter

Question 12

In bacteria, the sequence signaling the end of transcription is called the?

Answer 12

Terminator

Question 13

The stretch of DNA the is transcribed is called the?

Answer 13

Transcription Unit

Question 14

What is the Promoter Called

Answer 14

TATA box

Question 15

Mediate the binding of RNA polymerase

Answer 15

Transcription Factors

Question 16

What is the start point, TATA box, and Transcription factors collectively called?

Answer 16

Transcription initiation Complex

Question 17

What modified nucleotide does a 5’ end receive?

Answer 17

5’ cap

Question 18

What modified nucleotide does a 3’ end receive?

Answer 18

Poly-A tail

Question 19

The noncoding regions, also called intervening sequences

Answer 19

Introns

Question 20

Also called the other regions

Answer 20

Exons

Question 21

Removes introns and joins exons, creating mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence

Answer 21

RNA Splicing

Question 22

A cell translates an mRNA message into protein with the help of the?

Answer 22

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Question 23

A correct match of between tRNA and an amino acid is done by what enzyme?

Answer 23

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 24

Flexible pairing at the third base at a codon is called the?

Answer 24

Wobble

Question 25

The two Ribosomal subunits are made up of proteins and?

Answer 25

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 26

Hold the tRNA that carries the polypeptide chain

Answer 26

P-site

Question 27

Holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain

Answer 27

A-site

Question 28

Is the exit site where discharged tRNA's leaves the ribosomes

Answer 28

E-site

Question 29

What are the 3 stages of translation

Answer 29

Initiation, Elongation and Termination

Question 30

During elongation, amino acids are added one by one to the _______ of the growing chain

Answer 30

C-Terminus

Question 31

Multiple Ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously forming a?

Answer 31

Polysome

Question 32

Enables a cell to make copies of a polypeptide very quickly

Answer 32

Polyribosomes

Question 33

Are changes of the genetic information of the cell

Answer 33

Mutations

Question 34

Are changes in just one-nucleotide pair of genes

Answer 34

Point Mutations

Question 35

Replaces one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of Nucleotides

Answer 35

Nucleotide-Pair Substitution

Question 36

Have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy of the genetic code

Answer 36

Silent Mutation

Question 37

Still code for amino acid but not correct amino acid

Answer 37

Missense Mutation

Question 38

Change an amino acid codon into a stop codon: most lead to a nonfunctional protein

Answer 38

Nonsense Mutation

Question 39

are additions or losses on nucleotide pairs in a gene

Answer 39

Insertions and Deletions

Question 40

Insertions or Deletions may alter the reading frame producing a what?

Answer 40

Frameshift Mutation

Question 41

Are physical or chemical agents that can cause mutation

Answer 41

Mutagens

Question 42

A series of Nonoverlapping , three nucleotide words

Answer 42

Triplet Code