CHAPTER 27

Question 1

Prokaryotes are divided into two domains, what are these?

Answer 1

Bacteria and archaea

Question 3

The three most common shapes of prokaryotes are?

Answer 3

Spheres, Rods and Spirals

Question 4

Most bacterial cell walls contain? a network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides

Answer 4

Peptidoglycan

Question 5

What did Scientists use to classify bacteria by cell wall composition

Answer 5

Gram stain

Question 5

contain polysaccharides and proteins but lack peptidoglycan

Answer 5

Archea

Question 6

are particularly susceptible to this type of antibiotics.

Answer 6

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 7

Some prokaryotes have hairlike appendages that allow them to stick to their substrate or other individuals in a colony, what is this called?

Answer 7

Fimbriae

Question 8

Bacterial flagella are composed of 42 different kinds of proteins that form a?

Answer 8

Motor, hook, filament

Question 8

are longer than fimbriae and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA

Answer 8

Pili (or sex pili)

Question 8

About half of all prokaryotes exhibit the ability to move toward or away from a stimulus, what is this called?

Answer 8

Taxis

Question 8

Usually lack complex compartmentalization

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cells

Question 8

are the most common structures used by prokaryotes for movement

Answer 8

Flagella

Question 8

The chromosome is not contained in a nucleus; where is it located then?

Answer 8

Nucleoid Region

Question 9

Typical prokaryotes also have smaller rings of independently replicating DNA called?

Answer 9

Plasmids

Question 10

Prokaryotes reproduce quickly by binary fission and can divide every how many hours under optimal conditions?

Answer 10

1-3 hours

Question 10

What are the Key features of prokaryote biology

Answer 10

Reproduce using binary fission
They are small
They have short generation times

Question 10

is the movement of genes between bacteria by phages (from “bacteriophages,” viruses that infect bacteria)

Answer 10

Transduction

Question 10

Three factors contribute to this genetic diversity

Answer 10

• Rapid reproduction
• Mutation
• Genetic recombination

Question 10

is the process where genetic material is transferred between prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

Conjugation

Question 10

Prokaryotic DNA from different individuals can be brought together by?

Answer 10

Transformation, transduction and conjugation

Question 11

What is the piece of DNA called that is required for the production of pili?

Answer 11

F factor

Question 12

Carry genes for antibiotic resistances

Answer 12

R plasmids

Question 13

Obtain energy from light

Answer 13

Phototrophs

Question 14

Obtain energy from chemicals

Answer 14

Chemotrophs

Question 15

require CO2 or related 2 compounds as a carbon source .

Answer 15

Autotrophs

Question 16

require an organic nutrient to make organic compounds

Answer 16

Heterotrophs

Question 16

require O, for cellular respiration

Answer 16

Obligate aerobes

Question 17

are poisoned by O2 and live by fermentation or use substances other than O2 for anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

Obligate anaerobes

Question 17

can use O2 if it is present or carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration if it is not

Answer 17

Facultative anaerobes