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US History > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Section 18.1

A

Section 18.1

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2
Q

the name for the great age of industrial progress that swept the nation affecting all aspects of American life

A

Age of Industry or
Age of Progress or
The Golden Age of the Railroad or
The Gilded Age

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3
Q

had become America’s most important means f transportation by 1860s

A

railroads

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4
Q

railroads carried ____________ of the nation’s internal trade

A

2/3

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5
Q

the railroad that began laying track westward from Omaha, Nebraska,

A

Union Pacific Railroad

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6
Q

the railroad that began construction in Sacramento, CA and drove eastward

A

Central Pacific Railroad

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7
Q

group who did much of the building of the Central Pacific Railroad

A

Chinese

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8
Q

The Union Pacific Railroad relied on ________________ to lay their tracks

A

Civil War veterans
Irish immigrants

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9
Q

place where Central Pacific and Union Pacific met

A

Promontory Point, Utah

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10
Q

date for the transcontinental railroad meeting at Promontory Point

A

May 10, 1869

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11
Q

railroad that spanned the fertile northern prairies

A

Northern Pacific

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

railroad that ran from New Orleans across Texas through Gadsden Purchase to California

A

Southern Pacific

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14
Q

scenic route carried eastern tourists and cargo from Kansas through the southwestern deserts to California

A

Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe

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15
Q

aided in the building of some 18,000 miles of railroad line in the United States

A

land grants

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16
Q

the fifth transcontinental railroad which linked the great Lakes to Seattle

was completed too late to take advantages of federal subsidies

A

Great Northern Railroad

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17
Q

the Canadian-American promoter of the Great Northern who used private funds and was forced to plan carefully and build economically

A

James J. Hill

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18
Q

the only transcontinental line to weather the storm of the depression that hit because it was built by private enterprise and individual initiative

A

Hill’s Great Northern Railroad

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19
Q

brought the greatest decade of railroad growth in American history

A

1880s

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20
Q

the organizer behind the integrated rail system was

he bought New York Central, which ran across the center of New York from Albany to Buffalo

A

Cornelius Vanderbilt

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21
Q

the best remembered business tycoon that built a great empire from railroads

came to control the rails of the Southwest

A

Jay Gould

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22
Q

major lines connecting key points

A

trunk lines

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23
Q

smaller lines bringing in business from diverse points along the main route

A

feeder lines

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24
Q

gradually over years rail systems adopted a ________

A

standard gauge

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25
distance between the rails
gauge
26
the standard guage is
4 feet, 8 1/2 inches
27
introduced the sleeping car
George Pullman
28
railway safety and efficiency was greatly improved with the introduction of the
air brakes
29
introduced air brakes
George Westinghouse
30
dominated the telegraph network
Western Union Company
31
the American Railway Association divided the nation into four _____________________ to make Americans conscious of being on time
standard time zones
32
year time zones were created
1883
33
died with one had in the throttle and one on the brake, trying to save the lives of the passengers on his crashing "Cannonball"
Casey Jones
34
SECTION 18.2
SECTION 18.2
35
the last section of the country to be settled
Last Frontier
36
In 1858, gold was discovered near
Pike's Peak
37
multitudes come to mine Gold in Colorado (Pike's Peak) bearing the slogan
Pike's Peak or Bust!
38
in the spring of 1859, rich deposits of gold and silver were discovered on the eastern slopes of the
Sierra Nevada Mountains (near Lake Tahoe)
39
the mine which yielded $300 million worth of silver in the first 20 years of operation
Comstock Lode
40
while miners in the West were seeking fortunes in gold and silver, other westerners were finding good profits in
beef business
41
descended from cattle brought to the New World by Spanish explorers and were lean, hardy, wiry, fleet of foot, and ill-tempered
Texas longhorns
42
industry that developed in Chicago and Kansas City as a result of the beef business
meat packing plants
43
the invention that made the meat packing industry more profitable
refrigerator car
44
a favorite route of for trail drives
Chisholm Trail
45
towns where herds met the railway lines
cow towns
46
examples of cow towns
Abilene Dodge City Ogallala Cheyenne
47
people that the railroad brought
sheepherders homesteaders
48
skirmishes that erupted between cattlemen and sod busters about the famers fences and the cattlemen of drives
range wars
49
an American explorer labeled the Kansas prairies, eastern Colorado, and northern Oklahoma in 1820 as the __________________ because he said it was useless for agriculture
Great American Desert
50
T/F: the Great American Desert was actually fertile
TRUE
51
most important factor to stimulate Western settlement
Homestead Act
52
year for the Homestead Act
1862
53
another factor besides the Homestead Act of 1862 that encouraged westward migration
extension of railroads into the West
54
a prairie home that was dug out of the side of a hill or ravine
dugout
55
prairie house that was harder to build than a dugout, but made a more adequate dwelling
sod house
56
the staple food of prairie families
corn
57
what homesteaders used for sweetening
sorghum molasses wild honey
58
example of technological advancements for prairie families
steel plow (John Deere) chilled-iron plow (James Oliver) barbed wire (Joseph Glidden) windmill
59
advancement that helped prairie families obtain water
windmill
60
substitutes prairie farmers used when they didn't have firewood
dried cornstalks, corncobs, twisted hay
61
section of America that became the nation's breadbasket
Great Plains
62
the largest flour mills in the world were owned by
John Pillsbury
63
the process Pillsbury used to make his empire of flour mills
flour milling
64
state largely populated by miners; entered the Union in 1864
Nevada
65
became a state in 1867
Nebraska
66
ranchers, miners, and famers brought this state into the Union as the Centennial State in 1876
Colorado
67
six states added to the Union between 1889-1890
N. Dakota, S. Dakota Montana Washington Idaho Wyoming
68
struggle between which church and the federal government of Utah was finally resolved when the church officially banned polygamy
Mormon church
69
admitted to the Union as the forty-fifth state in 1896
Utah
70
what settlers were called in Oklahoma
boomers eighty-niners
71
year the federal government announced that the frontier line was no longer discernible
1890
72
became the forty-seventh and the forty-eighth states of the Union
New Mexico Arizona
73
Plain Indian tribes included the
Blackfeet Dakotas Cheyennes Crows Comanches Sioux Pawnee Omaha
74
the main two animals that Plain Indians relied on heavily
horses buffalo
75
the Colorado gold rush in 1859 sent thousands of prospectors into territory the federal government had guaranteed to the
Cheyenne Arapaho
76
state which had a land rush
Oklahoma Land Rush (1889)
77
one of the most powerful Indian tribes of the Northen plains
Sioux
78
powerful Sioux chief that forced the Army to abandon three forts in the area and to cease all efforts to build the road through Sioux territory
Red Cloud
79
reason white men broke treaty made with Indians about Black Hills
gold found in the Black Hills
80
the breach of treaty concerning the Black Hils resulted in the
Sioux War
81
the most famous battle of Sioux War was fought in June of 1876 at the
Little Big Horn
82
attempted to capture what runed out to be a war party of 2,000 Sioux warriors
Colonel Custer
83
led the Sioux warriors against Custer
Crazy Horse
84
the medicine man that strongly influenced the 2,000 Sioux warriors that fought against Custer
Sitting Bull
85
Custer and his men fought bravely, but every one of the died in what became known as
Custer's Last Stand
86
the Indians of Idaho that made a valiant effort to protect their land and won several battles and tried to escape to Canada
Nez Perce
87
led the Nez Perce
Chief Joseph
88
the fiercest southern plains Indians were
Apaches
89
the famous Apache leader that motivated the Apache warriors to continue fighting until his capture
Geronimo
90
the last battle between Indians and federal troops was fought at
Wounded Knee, South Dakota (1890)
91
Indian child adopted by white family and raised in a home with the Bible started new Indian religion that was a perversion of Christianity
Wovoka
92
what Wovoka taught his followers to do which worked participants into an irrational frenzy
Ghost Dance
93
the influential Sioux leader when Wovoka's Ghost Dance became popular with the young Sioux braves
Sitting Bull
94
novelist that published an influential book which pointed out the often unjust treatment of the Indians
Helen Hunt Jackson
95
document passed by Congress which broke up tribal lands into separate plots and offered 160 acres of land and U.S. citizenship to any head of an Indian family who would live separate and apart from any tribe and adopt civilized life
Dawes Act
96
year Congress granted full citizenship to all Indians
1924
97
the Dawes Act was __________________________
unsuccessful
98
passed by Congress to encourage traditional tribal life on reservations
Indian Reorganization Act
99
the are probably _________________ Indians living in the US today than there were when Columbus discovered America
MORE
100
a popular form of literature in the late 19th century which published tales of legendary men
dime novels
101
one of the best-known heroes of the early American West
Kit Carson
102
city name in honor of Carson which later would become capital of Nevada
Carson City
103
colorful frontiersman that worked for the Pony Express
William F. Cody
104
Cody's nickname from his time as a buffalo hunter
Buffalo Bill
105
performed in WIld West shod and carried the leading role in a play called Scouts of the prairie
Buffalo Bill
106
another name for peace officers
lawmen
107
the two most famous peace officers
Wyatt Earp Will Bill Hickock
108
Earp's most exciting confrontation was
Battle of OK Corral
109
had skills with a rifle and on a horse that surpassed most men, was a Pony Express rider and a scout for General Custer
Calamity Jane
110
became a star in the Buffalo Bill's Wild West Circus dubbed Little Sure Shot because of excellent marksmanship
Annie Oakley
111
the three most ruthless of all border outlaws
Jesse James Billy the Kid Sam Bass
112
two mythical figure whose legends played important roles in frontier folklore
Pecos Bill Paul Bunyan
113
told of the heroes and hardships, of love and legend
western songs and ballads

US History (23 decks)

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