Synthetic substances made by altering existing medications of formulating new substances not yet controlled or regulated by the FDA
- amphetamine like stimulants
- hallucinogenic properties
Designer drugs
Use of substance that results in maladaptive behavior
Intoxication
Refers to the negative psychologic and physical reactions that occur when use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreased.
Withdrawal syndrome
Is the process of safely withdrawing from substance
Detoxification
Can be defined as using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences.
- problems in social
Vocational
Legal areas of the persons life
Substance abuse
Problems associated with addiction such as tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to stop using the substance
Substance dependence
Begins with first episode between 15-17 years of age
Episode of intoxication
Which is an episode during which persons continue to function but had no convoys awareness of his/her behavior at the time or any later memory of the behavior
Blackout
As person continues to drink he or she needs more alcohol to produce the same effect
Tolerance
After continued heavy drinking person experiences
Which means that very small amounts of alcohol intoxicates that person
Tolerance break
People with alcohol related problems can modify or quit on their own without a treatment program
- can happen to 20% of alcoholics
- unlikely that people in the late stage of alcoholism can recover without treatment
Spontaneous remission
Poor outcomes associated with an earlier age at, onset longer periods of substance use, and the coexisting of major psychiatric illness.
- extended use risk for mental and physical deterioration and infectious disease
- people with addiction have a 20 % suicudr rate higher than that of the general population
Associated outcomes of addiction
Children of alcoholics are four times likely to develop
Alcoholism
Inconsistency of parents behavior Poor role modeling Lack of nurturing pave the way for the child to adopt a similar style of maladaptive coping Stormy relationships Substance abuse
Psychologic factor of alcoholism
Reddening of the face and neck as a result of increased blood flow, had been linked to variants of genes for enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism
- even small amounts of alcohol can produce flushing accompanied by headaches and nausea.
- ppl of Asian ancestry
Flushing.
- cardiac myopathy
- wernickes encephalopathy
- korsakoffs psychosis
- pancreatitis
- esophagitis
- hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- ascites
Physiologic effects of long term alcohol use
Ativan Alcohol withdrawal * monitors vital signs and global assessment for effectiveness May cause DIZZINESS or DROWSINESS
Lorazepam
Ativan
Alcohol withdrawal • monitor vital signs and global assessment for the effectiveness * may cause DIZZINESS DROWSINESS
Chlordiazepoxide
Librium
Maintains abstinence from alcohol
* teach client to read labels to avoid products alcohol *
Disulfiram
Antabuse
Maintains abstinence from heroin
May cause nausea and vomiting
Methaodone
Dolophine
Maintains abstinence from opiates and decrease opiate cravings
- May cause orthostatic hypotension sedation
- CNS DEPRESSANTS
Buprenorphine/naloxone
Suboxone
Blocks the effects of opiates
Reduces alcohol cravings
• client may not respond to narcotics used to treat
cough
diarrhea
or pain
• take food with milk or cause headache restlessness or irritability
Naltrexone
Trexan
Prevents or treats Wernickes-Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholism
• Teach client about proper nutrition
Thiamine
vitamin B1
Treats nutritional deficiencies
• teach client about proper nutrition
• urine may be dark yellow
Folic Acid
Folate
