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Somatic Studies Comp > chapter 19 - blood > Flashcards

chapter 19 - blood Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

what are the functions of blood?

A

transportation, regulation, and protection

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2
Q

what type of tissue is blood?

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

what is the liquid portion of blood?

A

plasma

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4
Q

what is the solid portion of blood?

A

formed elements

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5
Q

what are red blood cells (most), white blood cells, and platelets?

A

formed elements in blood

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6
Q

what does plasma consist of?

A

water (most), solutes (proteins, electrolytes, gases, nutrients, regulatory substances, and waste)

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7
Q

what are most of the solutes in blood plasma?

A

proteins

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8
Q

what produces the proteins in blood plasma?

A

the liver

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9
Q

what are albumin, fibrinogen, and globulin?

A

plasma proteins

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10
Q

what is a plasma protein that maintains osmotic pressure?

A

albumin

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11
Q

what is a plasma protein that helps stop bleeding (clotting)?

A

fibrinogen

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12
Q

what is a plasma protein that protects against virus and bacteria?

A

globulins

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13
Q

what is another name for RBCs?

A

erythrocytes

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14
Q

what transports oxygen from the lungs to cells and transport carbon dioxide from cells to lungs?

A

RBCs

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15
Q

what is another name for white blood cells?

A

leukocytes

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16
Q

what protects from invading pathogens and foreign substances?

A

leukocytes

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17
Q

what is another name for platelets?

A

thrombocytes

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18
Q

what promote blood clotting when there is damage?

A

thrombocytes

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19
Q

what is the water inside of cells called?

A

intercellular

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20
Q

what is the water outside of cells called?

A

extracellular

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21
Q

what is the fluid that is outside of organs and blood vessels?

A

interstitial fluid

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22
Q

what is the process by which formed elements of blood develop?

A

hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis

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23
Q

what are blood cells in red bone marrow formed from?

A

pluripotent stem cells

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24
Q

what is a reticulocyte?

A

an immature red blood cell

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25
what happens as a reticulocyte matures?
the nucleus is ejected
26
what transports oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells?
red blood cells
27
what is hemoglobin?
oxygen carrying protein
28
what are huge cells that splinter into thousands of fragments?
megakaryocytes
29
what helps stop blood loss from damaged vessels by clotting?
platelets
30
what is a fragment of megakaryocytes enclosed by a piece of the plasma membrane?
platelet (thrombocyte)
31
what are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils?
types of white blood cells
32
what are the most common white blood cells, first to the scene, phagocytic?
neutrophils
33
what are the main phagocytes of white blood cell, become macrophages?
monocytes
34
what are white blood cells that enhance inflammation and secrete histamine (increasing blood flow)?
basophils
35
what are white blood cells that combat inflammation, (parasites)?
eosinophils
36
what is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding (hemorrhage)?
hemostasis
37
what are the three mechanisms that reduce blood loss?
vascular spasm, formation of platelet plug, and blood clotting (coagulation)
38
what is a vascular spasm?
smooth muscle fibers constrict, reducing blood loss (minutes to hours)
39
what are the three steps to the formation of a platelet plug?
1. Platelet adhesion 2. Release reaction 3. Platelet aggregation (plug the hole)
40
what is an enzyme produced by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways?
prothrombinase
41
which pathway in blood clotting is fast?
extrinsic pathway
42
which pathway in blood clotting is slower?
intrinsic pathway
43
what is it called when prothrombinase is converted into prothrombin and thrombin?
the common pathway
44
what is the common pathway?
the second stage of blood clotting
45
what happens in the third phase of blood clotting?
thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin
46
what is fibrin?
insoluble fibers
47
what does thrombin speed up the formation of?
extra prothrombinase and activates platelets
48
what is a foreign substance?
antigen
49
what blood type has "universal donors"?
O individuals (no antigens)
50
what is the ABO blood group determined by?
the presence or absence of A and B antigens
51
which blood type has "universal recipients"?
AB individuals (neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies)
52
what blood type is determined by the presence of absence of A and B antigens?
ABO blood group
53
what is the Rh system?
RBC with Rh antigen are Rh+ and without Rh antigen are Rh-
54
what happens when a Rh+ fetus develops in the uterus of an Rh- woman?
hemolytic disease
55
what is a group of cancers of the bone marrow which results in uncontrollable division of WBCs?
lukemia
56
what is the total blood volume occupied by RBCs?
hematocrit
57
what is a condition where the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced due to low RBCs?
anemia
58
what is the result of a low iron intake?
anemia
59
what is a condition of abnormally high hematocrit?
polycythemia
60
what is caused by a genetic defect that produces abnormal hemoglobin?
sickle-cell disease
61
what causes blockages in blood vessels?
sickle-cell disease

Somatic Studies Comp (24 decks)

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