chapter 21 - blood vessels and hemodynamics

Question 1

what are the three blood vessel types?

Answer 1

arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 2

what carries blood away from the heart?

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

what is the site of nutrient and gas exchange?

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

what carries blood towards the heart?

Answer 4

veins

Question 5

what are small veins?

Answer 5

venules

Question 6

what moves blood?

Answer 6

heart pumping, muscle contraction, breathing, and one way valves

Question 7

what is more important for solute exchange?

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

what is more important for fluid exchange?

Answer 8

bulk flow

Question 9

what is the balance of overall volume (fluid & solutes) reabsorbed nearly equal to that filtered out?

Answer 9

net filtration pressure

Question 10

what is the amount of blood that flows through any tissue in a given period of time?

Answer 10

blood flow

Question 11

what is the total blood flow throughout the entire systemic system each minute?

Answer 11

cardiac output

Question 12

what happens when veins are exposed to higher than normal pressures?

Answer 12

varicose veins

Question 13

what helps normalize pressure in the brain?

Answer 13

carotid sinus reflux

Question 14

what is stimulation of the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus called?

Answer 14

the carotid sinus reflex

Question 15

what is stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors called?

Answer 15

the aortic reflex

Question 16

what helps normalize the systemic nervous system?

Answer 16

aortic reflex

Question 17

what raises blood pressure?

Answer 17

angiotensin II

Question 18

what is released by kidney if blood volume falls or blood flow decreases?

Answer 18

renin

Question 19

what causes reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys?

Answer 19

aldosterone

Question 20

what are the two ways that angiotensin II raises blood pressure?

Answer 20

vasoconstriction and stimulating secretion of aldosterone

Question 21

what is the response to dehydration or decreased blood pressure?

Answer 21

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 22

where is antidiuretic hormone released from?

Answer 22

the posterior pituitary gland

Question 23

what is a natural diuretic hormone?

Answer 23

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 24

what lowers blood pressure and reduces blood volume?

Answer 24

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 25

what is it called when the cardiovascular system is unable to deliver enough O2 and nutrients to meet cellular metabolic needs?

Answer 25

shock

Question 26

what type of shock is due to decreased blood volume?

Answer 26

hypovolemic shock

Question 27

what type of shock is due to poor heart function?

Answer 27

cariogenic shock

Question 28

what type of shock is due to obstruction of blood flow?

Answer 28

obstructive shock

Question 29

what type of shock is due to excess vasodilation?

Answer 29

vascular shock

Question 30

which type of shock is seen in allergies?

Answer 30

vascular shock (anaphylaxis)

Question 31

what is normal blood pressure?

Answer 31

120/80

Question 32

what is defined as an elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 32

hypertension

Question 33

what are the stages of hypertension?

Answer 33

prehypertension, stage 1 HTN, stage 2 HTN