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Somatic Studies Comp > chapter 20 - the heart > Flashcards

chapter 20 - the heart Flashcards

1
Q

how many times does blood pass through the heart?

A

two times

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2
Q

what side of the body has deoxygenated blood?

A

the right side

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3
Q

what type of circulation occurs on the right side of the body?

A

pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

what type of circulation occurs on the left side of the body?

A

systemic circulation

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5
Q

which type of circulation goes to the lungs (and back)?

A

pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

what type of circulation goes out to the body?

A

systemic circulation

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7
Q

what does the apex of the heart rest on?

A

the diaphragm

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8
Q

what is the thin, transparent outer later of the heart wall?

A

epicardium

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9
Q

what is another name for the epicardium?

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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10
Q

what is the thick, middle layer of the heart wall?

A

myocardium

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11
Q

what type of muscle is the myocardium composed of?

A

cardiac muscle

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12
Q

which part of the heart wall is in direct contact with blood?

A

endocardium

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13
Q

what helps minimize friction as the blood passes through the heart?

A

the endocardium

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14
Q

what is continuous with the inside of blood vessels?

A

the endocardium

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15
Q

what is the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart?

A

the pericardium

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16
Q

what part of the pericardium is composed of dense, irregular connective tissue?

A

fibrous pericardium

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17
Q

what part of the pericardium is more thin and delicate?

A

the serous pericardium

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18
Q

what are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

A

the parietal layer and the visceral layer

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19
Q

what part of the serous pericardium is fused to fibrous pericardium?

A

parietal layer

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20
Q

what part of the serous pericardium adheres to the heart wall?

A

visceral layer

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21
Q

what is the space between the layers of serous pericardium?

A

the pericardial cavity

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22
Q

what reduces friction between two layers of serous pericardium as the heart moves?

A

the pericardial fluid

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23
Q

what is an acute inflammation of the pericardium?

A

pericarditis

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24
Q

what mimics the symptoms of a heart attack?

A

pericarditis

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25
what is a chronic condition of the heart that decreases cardiac output?
cardiac tamponade
26
what is the superior part of the heart?
the atria
27
what receives blood from veins?
the atria
28
what is a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart?
a vein
29
what pumps blood out of the heart into arteries?
ventricles
30
what takes blood away from the heart?
arteries
31
what side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body?
the left side, systemic circulation
32
what side of the heart receives blood from the body and returns it to the lungs?
the right side, pulmonary circulation
33
what prevents back flow of blood by opening and closing in response to pressure changes?
valves
34
what are "one way doors"?
valves
35
what are the four valves of the heart?
two atrioventricular valves and two semilunar valves
36
what type of valve is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve?
atrioventricular valves
37
what is another name for the bicuspid valve?
mitral valve
38
what is the name of the valve between the right atrium and the ventricle?
the tricuspid valve
39
what is the name of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle?
the bicuspid (mitral) valve
40
what is found between the ventricles and arteries leading away from the heart?
semilunar valves
41
which valve opens from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk to the lungs?
the pulmonary valve
42
which valve opens from the left ventricle into the aorta to the body?
the aortic valve
43
where does the myocardium receive its oxygen and nutrients from?
from blood glowing through the coronary circulation
44
what branches from the ascending aorta and supplies blood to the myocardium?
the left and right coronary arteries
45
what collects the into the coronary sinus on the back part of the heart?
coronary veins
46
where do coronary veins empty?
into the right atrium
47
what are 1% of the muscle cells of the heart called?
autorhythmic fibers
48
what type of fibers are self excitable?
autorhythmic fibers
49
what is responsible for the heart beating even after removal from the body?
autorhythmic fibers
50
what acts as a pacemaker and forms a cardiac conduction system?
autorhythmic fibers
51
what sets a rhythm of contraction with the heart?
pacemaker
52
what is a system of specialized muscle cells that ensures that the heart contracts in a systematic, coordinated way?
cardiac conduction system
53
what do cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle have in common?
they are both striated
54
where do cardiac muscle cells connect to and communicate through neighboring cells?
gap junctions
55
where are gap junctions?
intercalated discs
56
what is the SA node?
the sinonartiral node
57
what is the AV node?
the atrioventricular node
58
what is the bundle of His?
the atrioventricular bundle
59
what is the recording of electrical changes resulting from depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium?
ECG (electrocardiogram)
60
what does an ECG detect?
P wave, PQ-interval, QRS wave/complex, T wave, and Q-T interval
61
what is atrial depolarization in an ECG?
P wave
62
what is the ventricular depolarization in an ECG?
QRS wave
63
what is the time from beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization?
Q-T interval
64
what is the relaxation phase of the heart?
diastole
65
what is the contraction phase of the heart?
systole
66
when are ventricles relaxed?
atrial systole
67
when are the atria relaxed?
ventricle systole
68
what is it called when you listen to the sounds of the heart?
auscultation
69
what creates the "lubb dupp" sound of the heart?
closure of the valve (opening is silent)
70
what is the beginning of ventricular systole?
S1, the closure of AV valves
71
what is the closure of semilunar valves?
S2, begninning of ventricular diastole
72
what are all events associated with one heartbeat called?
the cardiac cycle
73
what is a contraction of both the atria and ventricles?
systole
74
what is the relaxation of both the atria and ventricles?
diastole
75
what is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute called?
cardiac output (CO)
76
what is the volume of blood ejected from he left ventricle every beat called?
stroke volume (SV)
77
what are the three factors that regulate stroke volume?
preload, contractility, and after load
78
what is the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts?
preload
79
what is the forcefulness of ventricular (muscle) contraction?
contractility
80
what is the pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood from ventricles can occur?
afterload
81
what part of the brain helps regulate heart rate?
medulla oblongata

Somatic Studies Comp (24 decks)

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