Chapter 2

Question 1

What is cytology?

Answer 1

The study of cells

Question 2

How are squamous cells shaped? And what cells are squamous cells?

Answer 2

Flat and tile shaped (epidermis of the skin)

Question 3

How are cuboidal cells shaped? And what cells are cuboidal shaped?

Answer 3

cube shaped (liver cells)

Question 4

How are columnar cells shaped? And what cells are columnar shaped?

Answer 4

columns (inner lining cells of the stomach

Question 5

How are polygonal cells shaped?

Answer 5

Ball shaped

Question 6

How is cell sized determine? (its relationship)

Answer 6

It is between the volume and surface area

Question 7

What increases faster in a cell. the volume or surface area?

Answer 7

the volume

Question 8

Define the Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Answer 8

• Has less resolution but produces 3-D images
• Does not see through the object but can view only the surface of the specimen

Question 9

Define the Light microscope (LM)

Answer 9

Limited to magnification you can see color but cannot see the plasma membrane

Question 10

Define the Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 10

• High resolution
  Slices the specimen and cannot reuse the specimen

Question 11

What are cytoskeletons in the cytoplasm?

Answer 11

Framework of the cell

Question 12

What are inclusions in the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

Foreign material or stored cell products

Question 13

What is cytosol in the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

The fluid of the cell

Question 14

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

Let stuff go in and out of cell

Question 15

What part of the phospholipids are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic?

Answer 15

• The heads are hydrophilic
• The tails are hydrophobic

Question 16

What does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane?

Answer 16

Stiffens and not stiffens the membrane right by the phospholipids

Question 17

Whare are glycolipids located in the plasma membrane?

Answer 17

Only on the extracellular face

Question 18

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 18

Proteins that are not imbedded in the lipid bi layer but are only on the outside intercellular or extracellular face

Question 19

What are integral proteins?

Answer 19

they are proteins that are imbedded into the lipid bi layer

Question 20

What are transmembrane proteins?

Answer 20

They go through the bilayer

Question 21

What are receptor proteins?

Answer 21

It passes the message through to the inside of the bilayer

Question 22

What are enzyme proteins?

Answer 22

they break down a certain thing when it attaches to it

Question 23

What are channel proteins?

Answer 23

It lets stuff through

Question 24

What are gated channel proteins?

Answer 24

it opens and closes and lets certain things through

Question 25

what are cell-identity molecules?

Answer 25

it identifies the things that attach to it

Question 26

What are cell-adhesion molecules?

Answer 26

it links two cells together

Question 27

Why do transport membrane transportation happen?

Answer 27

Because of different concentrations on the outside and inside of the cell

Question 28

Define filtration

Answer 28

(moves molecules and small things by physical pressure)

Question 29

Define simple diffusion

Answer 29

(moves molecules and small things high to low concentration NO ENERGY)

Question 30

Define Osmosis

Answer 30

(moves molecules and small things by WATER MORE WATER TO LESS WATER high to low concentration)

Question 31

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

(moves molecules and small things uses a transport protein to move things)

Question 32

Define Active transport

Answer 32

(moves molecules and small things Low to High concentration it needs ATP and uses transport proteins)

Question 33

Define vesicular transport

Answer 33

(it does endocytosis which brings matter into the cell) (and it does exocytosis which releases material from the cell)

Question 34

What is pinocytosis

Answer 34

Cell drinking (bringing in liquid)

Question 35

What are receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 35

It brings a specific molecule in

Question 36

What are microvilli?

Answer 36

(increases surface area to maximize the capacity for materials to absorb matter)

Question 37

What is glycocalyx?

Answer 37

It is a sugar coat of the cells and it cushions the plasma membrane and protects it

Question 38

What are cell junctions?

Answer 38

they are the things that anchor the cells to each other

Question 39

what are Tight junctions?

Answer 39

it links the cells together like a zipper NOTHING GETS THROUGH

Question 40

All food is floating by in the digestive system including digestive enzymes. What would happen it the digestive enzymes traveled down and in between cells?

Answer 40

They would reach the blood vessels which would be catastrophic

Question 41

What are desmosomes?

Answer 41

It prevents substances from pulling a part. It DOES NOT prevent things from going through or around them. It is like a snap on a onsie

Question 42

What are gap junctions

Answer 42

it links cells together and allow small substances to be transported between cells

Question 43

What are the roles of microfilaments?

Answer 43

help the cell move

Question 44

What are the roles of intermediate filaments?

Answer 44

give cell its shape

Question 45

What are the roles of microtubules?

Answer 45

holds cells in place and is cell division

Question 46

What do proteasomes do?

Answer 46

break down proteins

Question 47

What do centrioles do?

Answer 47

sacrifice their self for a more specialize function

Question 48

What are inclusions?

Answer 48

the accumulate cell products and internalize foreign matter

Question 49

What are adult stem cells?

Answer 49

they are multipotent (can be turned int bone marrow) and produce cells with rapid turnover

Question 50

What are embryonic cells?

Answer 50

They are pluripotent (can turn into any embryonic or adult type cell) they are obtained by excess embryos created in fertility clinics