Chapter 2

Question 1

What is the PlasmaMembran (cell Membrane)

Answer 1

Something that Controls the substances moving in and out of cells

Question 2

What is the PlasmaMembran made of

Answer 2

Made of phospholipids

Question 3

What is the Nucleus

Answer 3

Controls the cell’s activities

Question 4

What is the fluid inside the Nucleus called

Answer 4

nucleoplasm

Question 5

What are Ribosomes

Answer 5

Build protein, like enzymes,by attaching amino acids into chains

Question 6

What is the Endomembrane System

Answer 6

GROUP OF INTERACTING ORGANELLES BETWEEN THE NUCLEUS AND PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 7

What is rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- covered with ribosomes, stores proteins for later transport

Question 8

What is Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- makes most of the cell membrane’s lipids
• break down carbs, fatty acids, and some drugs/poisons

Question 9

What do proteins do for the nucleus

Answer 9

proteins are embedded to allow certain molecules in/out (e.g., water and gases)

Question 10

What are Vesicles

Answer 10

They are membrane enclosed, saclike organelles that transport proteins contains enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids

Question 11

animal and plant cells contain vesicles, called what

Answer 11

vacuoles

Question 12

What are Lysosomes

Answer 12

Something that Contain powerful digestive enzymes

Question 13

What is the Mitochondria and what contain it

Answer 13

-Makes ATP thru cellular respiration
-eukaryotic have mitochondria

Question 14

What cells contains more Mitochondria

Answer 14

Cells with high energy demand to have more mitochondria

Question 15

Plastids

Answer 15

membrane-enclosed organelles that are used for photosynthesis or storage in plants

Question 16

What is a Chloroplasts

Answer 16

Something that is used by plants for photosynthesis

Question 17

What is a Chromoplasts

Answer 17

something that makes and store pigments other than chlorophyll

Question 18

What is a Amyloplasts

Answer 18

• non pigmented plastids that store starch grains
• found in stems, tubers, and seeds

Question 19

What is a Microtubule

Answer 19

Long, hollow cylinder made of tubulin proteins that form scaffolding for support when needed

Question 20

What is Microfilament

Answer 20

A fibre consisting of actin proteins that is used in muscles for movement (microfilaments of actin and myosin)

Question 21

The Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 21

States the membranes are NOT rigid with molecules locked in place

Question 22

What does Membrane Fluidity depend on

Answer 22

Fluidity is dependent on the composition of lipids (saturated vs unsaturated) and temperature

Question 23

Lipids at high temp

Answer 23

At high temperatures, they restrain lipid movement to hold the membrane together

Question 24

Lipids at low temp

Answer 24

At low temperatures, sterols occupy space between lipid molecules preventing the membrane from becoming too rigid

Question 25

The Role of Membrane Proteins

Answer 25

1. Transport 2. Enzymatic Activity 3. Triggering Signals 4. Attachment and Recognition

Question 26

What is Passive Transport

Answer 26

Movement of a substance across a membrane WITHOUT using energy

Question 27

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 27

Equal concentration on both sides of the membrane, movement between both sides continues, but there is no net change in concentration

Question 28

1. Simple Diffusion

Answer 28

Movement of small/non- polar substances across the membrane without using energy

Question 29

2. Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 29

Use of proteins to help move substances

Question 30

Channel Protein

Answer 30

form hydrophilic pathway through membrane

Question 31

Carrier Protein

Answer 31

physically binds to molecules to aid in transportation

Question 32

3. Osmosis

Answer 32

-Passive Diffusion of water across a membrane -Always moves from an area of LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION (high water content) to an area of HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION (low water content)

Question 33

Active Transport

Answer 33

The movement of substances across the membrane USING energy

Question 34

Primary Active Transport

Answer 34

Move POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS across membranes (Ex. H+, Ca2+, Na+ , K+)

Question 35

Secondary Active Transport

Answer 35

Uses energy from the Concentration Gradient built up by Primary Active Transport to transport substances

Question 36

Symport

Answer 36

Transported substances move in the same direction as ions

Question 37

Antiport

Answer 37

Transported substances move in the opposite direction as ions