Chapter 4

Question 1

Obligate Aerobe

Answer 1

• an organism that must have Oz to live (Ex. humans)

Question 2

Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 2

• an organism that cannot survive in an environment with O2 (Ex. some species of bacteria)

Question 3

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 3

An organism that can survive with or w/o O2 (Ex . yeast and E . coli bacteria living in your gut)

Question 4

Substrate-level Phosphorylation

Answer 4

Forms ATP directly in an enzyme-catalyzed rxn through the transfer of phosphate group from one molecule to an ADP molecule

Question 5

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 5

Forms ATP indirectly through a series of redox rxns involving a final electron acceptor. In Aerobic Cellular Respiration, OXYGEN is the final electron acceptor

Question 6

outer Mitochondrial membrane

Answer 6

outside membrane of Mitochondria

Question 7

Inner Mitochondrial membrane

Answer 7

Inside membrane of Mitochondria

Question 8

Intermembrane space

Answer 8

Intermembrane space is the space b /w the outer and inner

Question 9

Matrix

Answer 9

Matrix is the interior aqueous env

Question 10

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 10

Similar to aerobic, with a series of steps, but uses an inorganic molecule other than O2 as the final oxidizing agent

Question 11

How many reactions occur in the citric acid cycle

Answer 11

-Consists of 8 enzyme-catalyzed rxns
-7 take place in mitochondrial matrix
-1 binds to the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 12

For each Acetyl-CoA (and there are two) that enters, what exits

Answer 12

3 NADH (therefore 6 NADH)
1 FADH2 (therefore 2 FADH2)
1 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) (therefore 2 ATP)

Question 13

how many CO2 molecules are released for One 2-Carbon acetyl unit

Answer 13

2 CO2 molecules

Question 14

Where does ETC occur

Answer 14

occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 15

What are the four protein complexes

Answer 15

complex 1
Complex II – Succinate dehydrogenase (the only single peripheral membrane protein)
Complex iii
Complex IV

Question 16

How much ATP does Glycolysis release

Answer 16

2 ATP

Question 17

How much ATP does Citric Acid Cycle release

Answer 17

2 ATP

Question 18

How much ATP does Electron Transport/Chemiosmosis release

Answer 18

34 ATP

Question 19

How much ATP is produced altogether

Answer 19

38 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 20

How much Kj/mol can 1 ATP produce

Answer 20

1 ATP can produce 31 kJ/mol of energy

Question 21

How much KJ/mol does glucose produce

Answer 21

2870 kJ/mol

Question 22

What is the energy efficiency percentage

Answer 22

41%

Question 23

What is creatine phosphate

Answer 23

some cells can fluctuate dramatically in energy demand and a way to respond to these demands is using Creatine Phosphate

Question 24

How is creatine Phosphate made

Answer 24

ATP is used to phosphorylate creatine to produce creatine phosphate

Question 25

What is the rate of aerobic cellular respiration measured as

Answer 25

Overall rate of aerobic cellular respiration is measured as the rate of O2 consumption

Question 26

What occurs when there is an excess amount of ATP present

Answer 26

ATP can bind to phosphofructokinase (an enzyme in glycolysis) to stop ATP production

Question 27

What converts in amino acids

Answer 27

Protein

Question 28

What is alcohol fermentation

Answer 28

Pyruvate produced by Glycolysis is decarboxylated to form acetaldehyde, which is then used to oxidize NADH back to NAD+