Chapter 3

Question 1

What is Metabolism?

Answer 1

the sum of the chemical reactions (anabolic, to build and catabolic, to breakdown) taking place within an organism

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

Occurs as a result of motion

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

Stored within an object; depends on location and/or chemical

Question 4

1 law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another

Question 5

2 law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

Every time energy is converted to another form, some of the useful energy becomes unusable (usually in the form of thermal E) and increases the Entropy of the universe

Question 6

Exothermic Reactions

Answer 6

Net release of E

Question 7

Endothermic Reactions

Answer 7

Net absorption of E

Question 8

True of false Endothermic energy has a higher activation energy than Exothermic energy

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Exergonic reaction product and reaction

Answer 9

high reactant low product

Question 10

endergonic reaction product and reaction

Answer 10

low reactant high product

Question 11

Spontaneous Rxns

Answer 11

A change that will continue to occur on its own once is has started; DOES NOT require a continuous supply of energy

Question 12

non-spontaneous Rxns

Answer 12

A non-spontaneous reaction requires continual energy input

Question 13

Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 13

Since rxns aren’t 100% efficient, whatever energy that remains to do work is known as FREE ENERGY

Question 14

If ΔG is “-” what occours

Answer 14

-products have less free energy than reactants
-energy is released (exergonic) → spontaneous (e.g., oxidation of glucose)

Question 15

If ΔG is “+” what occurs

Answer 15

-products have more free energy than reactants
-energy is absorbed (endergonic) → non-spontaneous (e.g., photosynthesis)

Question 16

How much free energy does ATP contain

Answer 16

ATP contains a large amount of free energy

Question 17

Energy Coupling

Answer 17

The process of using energy released from one reaction to drive another reaction

Question 18

Phosphorylation

Answer 18

attaching a phosphate group to another organic molecule

Question 19

How do Cells make ATP

Answer 19

Cells make ATP by combining ADP + Pi

Question 20

Where does the Energy needed for ATP synthesis comes from

Answer 20

The exergonic breakdown of complex molecules in the food we eat

Question 21

What is Ea?

Answer 21

Activation Energy (Ea)- the amount of energy required to start a reaction.

Question 22

What is the Transition State?

Answer 22

temporary state between reactants and products (before new bonds are formed)

Question 23

How does Oxidation occur

Answer 23

Oxidation occurs when an atom or molecule LOSES ELECTRONS to another atom

Question 24

Oxidizing Agent

Answer 24

Atom or molecule that gains e-

Question 25

Reducing Agent

Answer 25

Atom or molecule that loses e-