Chapter 2

Question 1

How many elements are in the body?

Answer 1

24 are present in the body.

Question 2

What percent are major elements? List them.

Answer 2

96.1% Oxygen(O), Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H), Nitrogen(N) COHN.

Question 3

What percent are lesser elements? List them.

Answer 3

3.9% Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus(P), Potassium(K), Sulfur(S), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Iodine(I), Iron (Fe).

Question 4

Name the two chemical reactions.

Answer 4

Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

Question 5

What factors affect the rate of chemical reactions?

Answer 5

Temperature, Concentration, Particle size, and Catalyst

Question 6

Is water a polar molecule?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

List the five properties of water.

Answer 7

High heat capacity, High heat vaporization, Universal solvent, participates in chemical reactions, and cushions the body.

Question 8

K+

Answer 8

Potassium Ion

Question 9

Na+

Answer 9

Sodium Ion

Question 10

Ca+2

Answer 10

Calcium Ions

Question 11

Which pH has the highest H+ ion concentration?

Answer 11

pH level 1- lower the number on the scale, higher the H+ concentration.

Question 12

What are the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 13

Function: as a readily usable food fuel. Break down food for energy.
Building blocks: Monosaccharides (Small size carbohydrates) Disaccharide (Medium size carbohydrates) Polysaccharides

Answer 13

Carbohydrate

Question 14

Not made of buildings blocks. Insoluble.

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

Most diverse- Come in all different shapes and sizes with different functions. Building Block: Amino Acids.

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

Function: HOLDS GENETIC INFORMATION. Building blocks- Nucleotides more complex

Answer 16

Nucleic acids

Question 17

Fats and oils- Function: Compact long term storage form of energy fuel

Answer 17

Triglycerides

Question 18

Function: main component of making cell membrane.

Answer 18

Phospholipids

Question 19

Regulatory molecules. Hormones produced by the endocrine system to maintain the body.

Answer 19

Steroids

Question 20

a ring of carbons or a chain of carbons

Answer 20

Carbon Skeleton

Question 21

list the functional groups.

Answer 21

hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl(acidic), amino (Basic), Sulfhydryl
Phosphate

Question 22

Circle shaped- Ex: Enzyme- Enzyme protein- speed up chemical reaction. Hemoglobin- Transport Protein-Carries oxygen. Antibodies- Defensive protein- protect the body.

Answer 22

Globular Protein

Question 23

Strand like- Hair looking. Ex: Collagen-Structural protein-. Myosin- Muscle protein- To cause movement in the body.

Answer 23

Fibrous Protein

Question 24

Link amino acid groups together with a specific covalent bond. When water is removed from two amino acids a covalent bond is created. Dehydration synthesis.

Answer 24

Peptide Bonds

Question 25

Name the 4 levels of protein structure.

Answer 25

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Ordinary structures.

Question 26

Amino acid sequence. The order of the structure of amino acids will form the structure.

Answer 26

Primary Structure

Question 27

Stabilized by internal hydrogen bonds. Slightly positive and negative charges

Answer 27

Secondary Structure

Question 28

Folding of polypeptides into some kind of three-dimensional shape.

Answer 28

Tertiary structure

Question 29

Highest and most complex level of protein structure. When protein consists of polypeptide chains.

Answer 29

Ordinary Structure

Question 30

What is the structure for DNA?

Answer 30

Double helix (Spiral chain)

Question 31

What is the structure for RNA?

Answer 31

Single Stranded

Question 32

Hold chemical energy that is directly used for cellular work. Adenine gets a ribose added and then becomes Adenosine then adds three phosphates.

Answer 32

ATP- Adenosine Tri Phosphate

Question 33

Essential to the flow of energy in living cells.

Answer 33

ADP- Adenosine Diphosphate