Chapter 3

Question 1

Surround the outside of the cell. Structure: Fluid Mosaic Model.

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane

Question 2

Region between plasma membrane and nucleus. Holds all the organelles.

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Holds the DNA

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Answer 4

Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, and nucleus.

Question 5

Components of the Plasma Membrane.

Answer 5

Lipids and Proteins

Question 6

Polar head and tail.

Answer 6

Phospholipid

Question 7

Stabilizes plasma membrane structure.

Answer 7

Cholesterol

Question 8

Carbohydrates attached to lipids.

Answer 8

Glycolipids

Question 9

Embedded Proteins

Answer 9

Integral

Question 10

Surface- only on the outside surface or inside surface.

Answer 10

Peripheral proteins

Question 11

Carbohydrates attached to proteins.

Answer 11

Glycoproteins

Question 12

what is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 12

Serves as a barrier

Question 13

When the cell membranes are connected to other cell membranes.

Answer 13

Cell Junction

Question 14

Impermeable Junctions

Answer 14

Tight Junctions

Question 15

Anchoring Junctions

Answer 15

Desmosomes

Question 16

Communicating Junctions

Answer 16

Gap Junctions

Question 17

Function: Increase the surface area for absorption.

Answer 17

Microvilli

Question 18

Move substances from high to low concentrations. All referred to as diffusion.

Answer 18

Passive Transport Process

Question 19

Only small nonpolar molecules can use this. Slipping through the membrane. High to low.

Answer 19

Simple Diffusion

Question 20

Protein channel or a protein carrier. Acts as a tube for the ion to be able to get through.

Answer 20

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 21

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 21

Osmosis

Question 22

Can only occur with ATP or its assistance.

Answer 22

Active Transport Process

Question 23

Directly is powered by ATP. Pumps from low to high.

Answer 23

Primary Active Transport

Question 24

The movement of one particle is linked to movement of a second particle that’s already moving. Depends on a primary active transport to be working for it to work.

Answer 24

Secondary Active Transport

Question 25

Uses vesicle (Membrane sacs) to transport certain substances. Always active but directive.

Answer 25

Vesicular Transport

Question 26

Substances leave cells using vesicles. Brings the vesicle to the surface and attaches it to the plasma membrane releasing whatever is in the vesicle.

Answer 26

Exocytosis

Question 27

Substances enter cells using vesicles. Three kinds.

Answer 27

Endocytosis

Question 28

Cellular eating. Engulfs a large particle and puts it into the cell.

Answer 28

Phagocytosis (Endocytosis)

Question 29

Cellular drinking(liquids)

Answer 29

Pinocytosis (Endocytosis)

Question 30

Specific, only one that’s specific.

Answer 30

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 31

The region between the cell’s plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

Fluid in cytoplasm

Answer 32

Cytosol

Question 33

Nutrients stored inside. Ex: glycogen granules, lipid droplets

Answer 33

Inclusions

Question 34

Structures in cytoplasm, thought of as little organs inside the cell. Subcellular

Answer 34

Organelles

Question 35

Generates energy in the form of ATP. ATP synthesis. Makes ATP

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

Protein Synthesis. Makes Protein.

Answer 36

Ribosomes

Question 37

Membranes inside the cell. This has ribosomes on it. Makes secretory proteins. Secretory (release to the outside)

Answer 37

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 38

Does not make proteins. Liver: Detoxification gets rid of poison. Muscle: Stores calcium ions. Testes/Ovaries: Make steroids and lipids.

Answer 38

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 39

Packages and modifies proteins and lipids.

Answer 39

Golgi Apparatus

Question 40

Intracellular digestion digests inside the cell. Contains digestive enzymes.

Answer 40

Lysosomes

Question 41

Neutralize free radicals (Highly reactive chemicals)

Answer 41

Peroxisomes

Question 42

Acts as the bone of the cell, like its framework. Maintains the cells shape. Three main types Microfilaments: Used for muscle contraction, found in muscle cells. Intermediate Filaments: Part of desmosomes. Resist mechanical stress. Like pulling your hair. Microtubules: Moves organelles and anchors the organelles.

Answer 42

Cytoskeleton

Question 43

Are microtubule organizing centers.

Answer 43

Centrosomes/ Centrioles

Question 44

Moves substances that are outside the cell.

Answer 44

Cilia

Question 45

Only sperm cells have it. Allows the sperm cells to swim.

Answer 45

Flagella

Question 46

Contains the cell’s DNA. Controls the cell. Control center. Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nuclear pores: Openings in nuclear envelope. Nucleolus: Assembles ribosomes. Chromosomes: x shaped. Made of DNA and histone proteins. Genes: Segments of the DNA that hold information for one characteristic. Chromatin: DNA and histone proteins. Chemical make-up of chromosomes.

Answer 46

Nucleus

Question 47

Growth phase, performing its normal function (G1, S, G2) Mostly stays in this phase. 90% of the time

Answer 47

Interphase

Question 48

Growth

Answer 48

G1

Question 49

Growth and DNA synthesis

Answer 49

S

Question 50

Growth and final preparations for division.

Answer 50

G2

Question 51

Cell division (Mitosis, Cytokinesis) 10% of the time.

Answer 51

Mitotic Phase

Question 52

Division of nucleus.

Answer 52

Mitosis

Question 53

Division of cytoplasm

Answer 53

Cytokinesis

Question 54

An identical copy of DNA is made. In the nucleus. Takes place during S phase.

Answer 54

Replication of DNA -> DNA

Question 55

Transfer of genetic information from DNA to m(Messenger)RNA.

Answer 55

Transcription DNA-> mRNA

Question 56

Takes place in cytoplasm. Tells ribosomes what proteins to build.

Answer 56

Translation mRNA-> protein

Question 57

A (Adenine) is complementary to.

Answer 57

T (Thymine)

Question 58

C (Cytosine) is complementary to

Answer 58

G (Guanine)

Question 59

A is complementary to

Answer 59

U (uracil)

Question 60

T is complementary to

Answer 60

A (Adenine)

Question 61

G is complementary to

Answer 61

C (cytosine)