Chapter 2 Vocab Handout

Question 1

Anything that takes up space, has mass.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Capacity to do work.

Answer 2

Energy

Question 3

A substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions.

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

Smallest particle of matter that retains the properties of an element.

Answer 4

Atom

Question 5

The number of protons in the atom

Answer 5

5. Atomic number

Question 6

The sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom

Answer 6

Mass Number

Question 7

Atoms with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons.

Answer 7

Isotopes

Question 8

Average of the relative weights of all isotopes of an element.

Answer 8

Atomic Weight

Question 9

Outermost electron shell of an atom.

Answer 9

Valence shell

Question 10

The number of electrons in the valence shell.

Answer 10

Valence Electrons

Question 11

Chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms.

Answer 11

Ionic Bond

Question 12

Chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms.

Answer 12

Covalent Bond

Question 13

Combination of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Answer 13

Molecule

Question 14

Molecule with an equal distribution of charges.

Answer 14

Nonpolar molecules

Question 15

Molecule with an unequal distribution of charges.

Answer 15

Polar molecules

Question 16

Weak attractions between neighboring polar molecules or between different regions of the same molecule.

Answer 16

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 17

Substance composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio.

Answer 17

Compound

Question 18

Substance composed of 2 or more components physically blended.

Answer 18

Mixture

Question 19

Homogeneous (evenly mixed) gases, liquids, or solids.

Answer 19

Solution

Question 20

Dissolving medium, substance present in the greatest amount.

Answer 20

Solvent

Question 21

Substance that is dissolved, substance present in a smaller amount.

Answer 21

Solute

Question 22

Heterogenous (Unevenly mixed) mixture.

Answer 22

Colloid or Emulsion

Question 23

Heterogeneous mixture, solutes tend to settle out and are visible.

Answer 23

Suspension

Question 24

Carbon based compounds that are usually large and complex.

Answer 24

Organic Compounds

Question 25

Compounds that usually lack carbon and are simple.

Answer 25

Inorganic Compounds

Question 26

A substance that removes H (Hydrogen) ions from a solution.

Answer 26

Base

Question 27

A substance that releases H (Hydrogen) ions into solution.

Answer 27

Acid

Question 28

Weak acids pr weak bases that help minimize changes in pH.

Answer 28

Buffers

Question 29

A synthesis reaction in which water is removed and a covalent bond is formed.

Answer 29

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 30

A decomposition reaction in which water is added and a covalent bond is broken.

Answer 30

Hydrolysis

Question 31

Reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur.

Answer 31

Exchange Reaction

Question 32

A substance that increases the rate of chemical change.

Answer 32

Catalyst

Question 33

Biological catalyst: a protein that speeds up chemical reactions.

Answer 33

Enzyme

Question 34

Substances with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms.

Answer 34

Isomers

Question 35

Groups of atoms that participate in chemical reactions.

Answer 35

Functional Groups

Question 36

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body.

Answer 36

Metabolism