Chapter 4

Question 1

Name the 4 types of Tissues.

Answer 1

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 2

Three common functions: Covering the surface of the body, serves as lining of body cavity, forms glands.

Answer 2

Epithelial

Question 3

Provides support. To epithelial tissue.

Answer 3

Connective tissue

Question 4

Controls the body, makes up the nervous system.

Answer 4

Nervous Tissue

Question 5

Causes movement in the body.

Answer 5

Muscle Tissue

Question 6

Closely packed cells-
Often has tight junctions (impermeable) or desmosomes (Anchoring).
Has polarity- has a top and a bottom they will look different.
Supported by connective tissue. Every single one. No exceptions
Avascular- without blood vessels, absolutely no blood vessels in epithelial tissue. It overcomes this by the connective tissue which usually has blood vessels.
Innervated- means it has nerves.
Highly regenerative- go through cell division very rapidly so they replace them very rapidly.

Answer 6

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

Question 7

Structure: Single layer of flat cells
Location:
-Lines air sacs in lungs
-Lines filtration membranes in kidneys
Function:
-Rapid exchange of materials
-Filtration

Answer 7

Simple Squamous

Question 8

Structure: Single layer of cube shaped cells
Location:
-Kidney tubules
-Ducts of glands
Function:
-Absorption
-Secretion

Answer 8

Simple Cuboidal

Question 9

Structure: Single layer of tall cells
Location: Lines digestive tract
Function:
-Absorption
-Secretion

Answer 9

Simple Columnar

Question 10

Structure: Single layer of cells which vary in height
Location: Lines trachea and bronchi
Function: Secretion

Answer 10

Pseudo stratified Columnar

Question 11

Structure: Many cell layers; apical layers have flat cells, basal layers have cuboidal & columnar cells
Location: Epidermis of skin
Function: Protection

Answer 11

Stratified Squamous

Question 12

Structure: Many cell layers; apical layers vary from squamous to
dome- shaped cells, basal layers have cuboidal or columnar cells
Location: Lines urinary tract
Function: Stretches for urine storage

Answer 12

Transitional Epithelium

Question 13

Classify the Epithelial Tissue

Answer 13

By # of cell layers- simple (one cell layer) or stratified (many cell layers).
By cell shape- squamous (Flat cells), cuboidal (Cubed shape cells), columnar (tall cells).

Question 14

One or many cells that makes and secretes a particular product, whether it be sweat or other secretions. Glands are made of epithelial. Glands are avascular.

Answer 14

Glandular Epithelia

Question 15

One Cell
Ex: Goblet Cell

Answer 15

Unicellular

Question 16

Many Cells
Ex: Sweat

Answer 16

Multicellular

Question 17

Secrete hormones Ex: Thyroid gland. They are ductless or tube less. Cells secrete directly into fluid.

Answer 17

Endocrine

Question 18

Secrete a non-hormone product Ex: sweat gland, goblet cell. Usually has ducts or tubes.

Answer 18

Exocrine

Question 19

Secrete exocytosis Ex: all other glands beside sebaceous.

Answer 19

Merocrine

Question 20

Secretes by cell rupture Ex: Sebaceous(oil) (Only one)

Answer 20

Holocrine

Question 21

Mesenchyme is its common origin. First starts as embryonic.
Vary in vascularization – either avascular (No blood vessels), poorly vascularized (Not a lot of blood vessels), or richly vascularized (Lots of blood vessels).
Composed mainly of extracellular matrix (outside cells, nonliving materials). Very little cells because it is supporting tissue and cells are not strong enough for that.

Answer 21

Connective Tissue

Question 22

Vascularization: Rich
Predominant Cell Type: Fibroblast
Collagen, Elastic, and Reticular
Fibers: Most widely distributed connective tissue
Function:
-Support
-Holds fluids
-Body defense
-Nutrient storage

Answer 22

Areolar Tissue

Question 23

Vascularization: Rich
Predominant Cell Type: Flat Cell
Fibers: Few Fibers
Location: Hypodermis (Under skin)
Function:
-Nutrient storage
-Insulation

Answer 23

Adipose Tissue

Question 24

Vascularization: Rich
Predominant Cell Type: Fibroblast, WBC, macrophages
Fibers: Reticular
Location: Lymph Nodes
Function:
-Support
-Body defense

Answer 24

Reticular Tissue

Question 25

Vascularization: Poor Predominant Cell Type: Fibroblast Fibers: Collagen arranged in different directions Location: Dermis of the skin Support

Answer 25

Dense Irregular Tissue

Question 25

Vascularization: Poor Predominant Cell Type: Fibroblast Fibers: Collagen arranged in parallel Location: Tendons Ligaments Function: Support attachment & binding

Answer 25

Dense Regular Tissue

Question 25

Vascularization: Poor Predominant Cell Type: Fibroblast Fibers: Elastic Location: Lung tissue, elastic arteries Function: Stretch & recoil

Answer 25

Elastic

Question 26

All avascular, All chondroblasts.

Answer 26

Cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Question 27

Has thin collagen

Answer 27

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 28

Collagen and Elastic

Answer 28

Elastic

Question 29

Tick Collagen

Answer 29

Fibrocartilage

Question 30

Richly vascularized (Many blood cells)- Made of osteoblast cells. 25% are cells, fluid. Another 25% is collagen. 50% are calcium salts.

Answer 30

Bone

Question 31

Hematopoietic stem cells. Blood is richly vascularized.

Answer 31

Blood

Question 32

Covers the surface of the body, other name is skin.

Answer 32

Cutaneous Membrane

Question 33

Linings, line open body cavities. Such as the respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, and urinary system.

Answer 33

Mucous Membrane

Question 34

Linings, line closed body cavities.

Answer 34

Serous Membrane