Chapter 2 Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adip/o
A
fat
3
Q
anter/o
A
before,front
4
Q
caud/o
A
lower part of body, tail
5
Q
cephal/o
A
head
6
Q
cyt/o -cyte
A
cell
7
Q
end, endo
A
in, within, inside
8
Q
exo
A
out of, outside, away from
9
Q
hist/o, histio/o
A
tissue
10
Q
-ologist
A
specialist
11
Q
-ology
A
study of
12
Q
path/o, -pathy
A
disease, suffering, feeling emotion
13
Q
poster/o
A
behind, toward the back
13
Q
plas/i, plas/o, plasia
A
development, growth, formation
13
Q
-stasis, static
A
control maintenance
14
Q
sagittal plane
A
vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
15
Q
midsagittal plane
A
Midline; the sagittal plane that divides the body into eual left and right halves
16
Q
ventral
A
refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ. dorsal
17
Q
dorsal
A
refers to the back of the organ or body. ventral
18
Q
Anterior
A
situated in the front. posteror
19
Q
posterior
A
situated in the back. anterior
20
Q
superior
A
uppermost, above, or towards the head. inferior
21
Q
inferior
A
lowermost, below, or toward the feet. superior
22
Q
cephalic
A
towards the head. caudal
23
caudal
towards the lower part of the body. cephalic
24
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning. distal
25
Distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure. procimal
26
medial
the direction towards, or nearer, the midline. lateral
27
lateral
the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline. medial
28
Dorsal cavity
located along the back of the body and head. Contains organs of the nervous system. cranial cavity: brain, spinal cavity: spinal column
29
Ventral Cavity
located along the front of the body. Contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis.
Thoracic cavity: also known as the chest cavity. surrounds and protects the heart and lungs also has the diaphragm.
Abdominal cavity: Contains the major organs of digestion. Frequently referred as just the abdomen.
Pelvic cavity: the space formed by the hip bones ad contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
30
Regions of Thorax and Abdomen
Epigastric region- located above the stomach
RIght and left lumbar region- located near the inward curve of the spine
umbilical region-surrounds the umbilicus
right and left iliac regions-located over the hip bone
hyppogastric region-located below the stomach
right and left hypochondirac region- covered by the lower ribs
31
The peritoneum
A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdomen.
32
parietal peritoneum
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
33
mesentary
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
34
Visceral peritoneum
he inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal wall
35
Retro-peritoneal
located behind the peritoneum
36
Genetics
Study of how genes are transferred from parent to their children
37
Dominant genes
inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic.
38
Recessive genes
inherited from only 1 parent, and a normal gene is inherited from the other parent, the offspring will not have the condition. when the same recessive gene is inherited from both parents, the offspring will have the condition
39
DNA
Basic structure of the DNA molecule, which is located on the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cells
40
cystic fibrosis
genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive system
41
Down syndrome
genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities
42
Hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
43
Huntington's Disease
Genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. Each child has a 50/50 chance of inheriting this defective gene. causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that appears in midlife. eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities
44
Muscular Dystrophy
group of genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement.
45
phenylketonuria
a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenyalanine hydroxylase is missing. commonly known as PKU
46
Tay-Sachs Disease
a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in the brain
47
Anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
48
Dysplasia
The abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
49
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
50
Hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues.
51
Adenitis
The inflammation of a gland
52
Adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
53
Adenoma
a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.
54
Adenomalacia
is abnormal softening of a gland
55
adenosis
any disease or condition of a gland
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adenosclerosis
the abnormal hardening of a gland
57
adenectomy
the surgical removal of a gland
58
skeletal system
bones, joints, and cartilage. supports and shapes the body
59
muscular system
muscles, fascia, and tendons. holds the body erect. makes moving possible
60
cardiovascular
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. blood circulates throughout the body to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, and to carry waste products to the kidneys where waste is removed by filtration.
61
lymphatic system
lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes. removes and transport waste product from the fluid between the cells
62
immune system
tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, and specialized blood cells. defendss the body from invading pathogens and allergens
63
Respiratory system
nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, and lungs. brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells.
64
digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. digest ingested food so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
65
Urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. filters blood to remove waster
66
Nervous system
nerves, brain, and spinal cord. coordinates the reception of stimuli
67
special senses
eyes and ears. receive visual and auditory information, and transmit it to the brain
68
Integumentary
skin, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. protects the body against invasion by bacteria.
69
Endocrine system
adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas, parathyroids, pineal, pituitary, thymus, and thyroid. integrates all body function.
70
Reproductive system
Male: penis and testicles; Female: ovaries, uterus, and vagina. produce new life
71
Pathogens
disease producing microorganism such as a virus.
72
communicable disease
known as a contagious disease, is any condition that is transmitted from one person to another
73
indirect contact transmission
refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
74
bloodborne transmission
the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
75
airborne transmission
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze.
76
food-borne and waterborne transmission
also known as fecal-oral transmission, caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present
77
Vector-borne transmission
spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector.
78
functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
79
latrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
80
idiopathic disorder
an illness without known cause
81
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
82
organic disorder
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical change in the body
