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Med Terminology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(113 cards)

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1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

chondr/i
chondr/o

A

cartilage

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4
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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5
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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6
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

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7
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

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8
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

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9
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

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10
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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11
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, osteo/o

A

bone

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12
Q

scoli/o

A

Curved, bent

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13
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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14
Q

-um

A

singular noun ending

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15
Q

Structure & Function of the Skeletal System

A

Consist of: bone, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa

-bones act as the framework
-bones support and protect the internal organs
-joints work in conjunction with muscle, ligaments, and tendons, making possible the wide variety of muscle movement
-calcium, which is required for normal nerve and muscle function, is stored in bones
-red bone marrow, which has an important function in the formation of/ blood cells, located within spongy bone

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16
Q

The structure of bone

A

bone is the form of connective tissue that is the second hardest tissue in the human body. only dental enamel is harder than bone

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17
Q

Anatomic landmarks of bone

A

diaphysis- the shaft of a long bone

epiphyses- the wider ends of long bones such as femurs of the legs.

Foramen- an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass.

Process- a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.

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18
Q

What is the Synovial Capsule

A

the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

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19
Q

What is the synovial membrane

A

Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

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20
Q

What is Synovial Fluid

A

Flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible

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21
Q

What are ligaments

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage.

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22
Q

What is the Bursa

A

A fibrous sac that acts as a cushion too ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, Such as the shoulders, elbows, and knee joints

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23
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system. Consist of 80 bones of the head and body that are organized into five parts. 1. the bones of the skull, 2. the ossicles: the bones of the middle ear, 3. the hyoid bone, located on the throat between the chin and thyroid, 4. the rib cage, and 5. the vertebral column.

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24
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Makes body movement possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproductive system. Consist of 126 bones that are organized into: the upper extremities (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands) and the lower extremities (hips, highs, legs, ankles, and feet)

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25
What is the frontal bone
anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead
26
What is the Parietal bone
The two largest bones of the skull
27
What is the occipital bone
forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium
28
What is the temporal bones
Forms the side and base of the cranium
29
What is the external auditory meatus
The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear.
30
What is the Sphenoid bone
an irregular, wedge shaped bones at the base of the skull
31
What is the ethmoid bone
Light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose
32
What are the two nasal bones
form the upper part of the bridge of the nose
33
What are the two zygomatic bones
Known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone and makes up the forehead
34
What are the two maxillary bones
forms most of the upper jaw
35
What are the two Palatine bones
Forms the anterior part of the palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
36
What are the two lacrimal bones
Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle
37
What are the two inferior conchae
The thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose
38
What is the vomer bone
Forms the base for the nasal septum
39
What is the mandible
also known as the jawbone, the only movable bone of the skull
40
What is the dibular joint
Commonly known as TMJ
41
Cervical Vertebrae
The first set of 7 vertebrae, and they form the neck C1-C7
42
Thoracic Vertebrae
known as T1 through T12, are the second set of 12 vertebrae. Each has a rib attached to it, and forms the outward curve of the spine
43
Lumbar Vertebrae
known as L1 through L5, make up the third set of 5 vertebrae, and forms the inwards curve of the spine
44
The Sacrum
the slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back
45
the coccyx
known as the tailbone, forms the end of the spine, and is actually 4 small vertebrae that are fused together.
46
What is the pelvic girdle
protects internal organs and support the lower extremities
47
The Ilium
the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
48
the sacroiliac
slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium
49
The ischium
forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone. bears the weight of the body when sitting
50
The pubis
forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, located below the urinary bladder
51
The pubic symphysis
the cartiaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones
52
The acetabulum
Known as the hip socket, the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis
53
What is a chiropractor
Specializes in manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine.
54
Osteopath
Uses traditional forms of medical treatment in adtion to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation
55
Podiatrist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
56
Rheumatologist
A phycian who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, and tendinitis
57
Ankylosis
the loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.
58
Arthrosclerosis
the stiffness of the joints , especially in the elderly
59
Bursitis
An inflammation of a bursa
60
Chondromalacia
The abnormal softening of cartilage
61
Chondroma
Slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
62
Costochondritis
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
63
Hallux Valgus
also known as bunion, is an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
64
Hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
65
Polymyalgia rheumatica
A geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thrighs
66
Sprain
When a ligament that connects bones to joint is wrenched or torn
67
Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint
68
Osteoarthritis
known as wear-and-tear arthritis, most commonly associated with againg
69
Spondylosis
degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
70
Gouty Arthritis
Known as Gout, characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints. forms crystals in the joints of the feet and legs
71
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
72
Ankylosing Spondylitis
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
73
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
74
Craniostenosis
Malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranil sutures
75
Fibrous Dysplasia
Bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scarlike) tissue.
76
Ostealgia
Known as osteodynia, means pain in a bone
77
Osteitis
an inflammation of the bone
78
Osteomalacia
Known as adult rickets, an abnormal softening of bones in adults
79
Osteomyelitis
An inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
80
Osteonecrosis
the death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply.
81
Paget's Disease
known as osteitis deformans, is bone disease of unknown cause.
82
Periostitis
an inflammation of the periosteum
83
rickets
infantile osteomalacia, is a deficiency disease occurring in children.
84
Short stature
formerly known as dwarfism, is a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk.
85
Talipes
also known as clubfoot, describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus
86
Compression fracture
also known as vertebral crush fracture, occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.
87
Colles' fracture
Occurs when the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on their hands.
88
Osteoporotic hip fracture
Also known as a broken hip, usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result in loss of function, mobility, independence, or death.
89
Closed fracture
simple fracture or a complete fracture, is one in which the bone is broken, but there isn't an open wound in the skin
90
Open fracture
also known as a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken, but there is no wound in the skin
91
Comminuted fracture
one in which the bone is splintered or crushed
92
Greenstick fracture,
Also known as incomplete fracture, is one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken.
93
Oblique fracture
Occurs at an angle across the bone
94
Pathologic Fracture
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
95
Spiral fracture
A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
96
Stress fracture
An overuse injury, is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
97
Transverse Fracture
Occurs straight across the bone
98
radiograph
x-ray, is the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities
99
arthroscopy
The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
100
Bone Marrow Biopsy
a diagnostic test that may be necessary after normal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test.
101
Bone marrow aspiration
the use of a syringe to withdraw to withdraw the liquid bone marrow.
102
Magnetic resonance imaging
Used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints.
103
Bone scans and arthrocentesis
which are additional diagnostic procedures.
104
Ultrasonic bone density testing
a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass.
105
Dual x-ray absorpitometry
A low exposure radiographc measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.
106
Bone Marrow Transplant
used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas, which affect bone marrow.
107
Allogenic Bone marrow transplant
Uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling.
108
Bone Marrow Transplant
The patient recieves his own bone marrow cells, which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and stored before the remaining bone marrow in the patients body is destroyed
109
total knee replacement
means that all of the parts of the knee were replaced
110
Partial knee replacement
describes a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced
111
The total hip replacement
Performed to restore a damaged hip to full function.
112
Hip resurfacing
An alternative to removing the head of the femur.
113
Revision surgery
The replacement of a wrn or failed implant

Med Terminology (7 decks)

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