Chapter 2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Subatomic particles
Protons,neutrons and electrons
Proton
Positive charge → atomic number → contributes to atomic mass
Neutron
Neutral charge → contributes to atomic mass
Electron
Negative charge → No atomic mass
Isotopes
2 atoms of the same element that differ in amount of neutrons
Energy
Capacity to cause change and do work
Potential energy
The energy that matter has because of its location and structure
Electron shell - energy level
Position of electrons change in amounts of potential energy
Valence elections
Outer most shell
Chemical bond
Attractive forces that atoms with incomplete valence shell interact
Covalent bond
The sharing of a pair of valent electrons by 2 atom
Ionic bonds
-an attraction between anion and cation
Ion
Charged atom or molecule
Cation
Positive charged ion _ more proteins than electrons
Anion
Negative charged ions → more electrons
Non polarcovalent bonds
2atoms that have the same or similar electronegativity
Ex. H-h and c_c
Polar covalent bonds
1 atom is bonded to a stronger electronegative atom
there is a pull on the electrons and not shared equally
Hydrogen bonds
Forms between molecules of - polar covalent
Partial positive charge - allows the hydrogen to attracted to another electronegative atom - usually oxygen and nitrogen
Van der waals
Weak attractions
Between molecules that are very close together as a result of polarity or charge
Individually weak but provide-power full bonds
Asymmetrical electronsdistribution cause not spots - positive or negative charge
