Chapter 2 Flashcards
pioneers in the treatment of mentally ill
- William Tuke
- Phillippe Pinel
- Eli Todd
- Dorothea Dix
- Lightner Witmer
- lived in England
- devoted much of his life to improving the treatment of mentally ill living in “asylums”
- raised funds to open the York Retreat
William Tuke
a model of humane treatment where patients receive good food, frequent exercise, and friendly interactions with staff
York Retreat
- lived in France
- advocated for more humane and compassionate treatment in France
- mentally ill persons were not possessed by devils
- introduced ideas of a case history, treatment notes, and illness classification, indicating care about their well-being
Phillippe Pinel
- physician in Connecticut
- opened humane treatment centers in the US (The Retreat)
Eli Todd
- worked in prison in Boston and observed that many inmates were mentally ill rather than criminals
- persuaded leaders to build facilities for humane treatment of mentally ill
- resulted in over 30 state institutions in US and other countries
Dorothea Dix
- received doctorate in 1892, Germany
- founded the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896
- founded the clinical psychology journal, The Psychological Clinic (1907)
Lightner Witmer
early Europe mental illness classification:
- neurosis
- psychosis
have psychiatric symptoms but maintain an intact grasp to reality
neurosis
demonstrated a break from reality in the form of hallucinations, delusions, or grossly disorganized thinking
psychosis
considered a pioneer of diagnosis and a “Father of Descriptive Psychiatry”
Emil Kraeplin
disorders caused by external factors (treatable)
exogenous disorders
disorders caused by internal factors
endogenous factors
forerunner of schizophrenia
dementia praecox
growth of DSM
- DSM (1952)
- DSM-II (1968)
- DSM-III (1980)
- DSM-III-R (1987)
- DSM-IV (1994)
- DSM-IV-TR (2000)
- DSM-5 (2013)
- International Classification of Diseases
most drastic change in DSMs is from ____ to ____ wherein:
- larger, more disorders
- specific diagnostic criteria
- use of multiaxial system
- DSM-II
- DSM-III
removal of multiaxial system
DSM-IV-TR to DSM-V
proposed criteria sets in consideration for inclusion in the next DSM
- internet gambling disorder
- attenuated psychosis syndrome
- persistent complex bereavement
- nonsuicidal self-injury
early debates about the definition of intelligence focused on ___ and ___
- g
- s
a single, general intelligence
g
specific intelligences
s
used the term “mental test” in 1890 to describe the basic tests of abilities such as reaction time, memory, and sensation/perception
James McKeen Cattell
Alfred Binet’s early intelligence test later became the ____
stanford-binet intelligence scales
IQ =
MA/CA (100)
