Chapter 4 Flashcards
fourth force that is the defining issue of the current generation of psychology
multiculturalism
defining paradigms (1st - 3rd force) of previous generations
- psychoanalysis
- behaviorism
- humanism / person-centered
shapes how clients understand their problems
culture
questions to assess client understanding:
- what do you call your problem?
- what do you think your problem does to you?
- what do you think the natural cause of your problem is?
- how do you think this problem should be treated?
- who else do you turn to for help?
recent professional efforts to emphasize issues of culture
- journals and books on cultural topics
- new APA divisions
- revisions to APA / PAP ethical code
the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society
multicultural counseling competence
3 main components of multicultural counseling competence
- awareness
- knowledge
- skills
comments or actions made in cultural context that convey negative beliefs
microaggressions
microaggressions can suggest ___ and cause ___ or _____
- dominance
- marginalization
- invalidation
how can psychologists avoid microaggressions
examining their own beliefs
modifying treatments with empirical evidences for members of a cultural group
cultural adaptation
- emphasizes similarities between all people
- assumes universality
- downplays culture-based differences
etic
- emphasizes culture-specific norms
- appreciate clients in the context of their own culture
emic
tripartite model of personal identity
- individual level
- group level
- universal level
every person is totally unique
individual level
every person is like some others
group level
every person is like all others
universal level
example is a client’s unique history of trauma and resilience
individual level
example is shared cultural values among members of a specific ethnic group
group level
example is the essential need for human connectedness and belongingness
universal level
