Chapter 7

Question 1

normality is

Answer 1

• ideal
• a process

Question 2

4 D’s of abnormal behavior

Answer 2

• dysfunction
• distress
• danger
• deviance

Question 3

behavior causes impairment in social and occupational functioning

Answer 3

dysfunction

Question 4

behaviors and feelings that cause ____ to the individual or to others are also likely to be considered abnormal

Answer 4

distress

Question 5

unusual behavior that led to the judgment of abnormality

Answer 5

deviance

Question 6

behaviors that causes potential harm to the individual

Answer 6

danger

Question 7

value term based on social norms

Answer 7

harmful

Question 8

____ is a harmful dysfunction acc. to Jerome Wakefield

Answer 8

disorder

Question 9

clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior that indicate a dysfunction in mental functioning that are usually associated with significant distress or disability in work, relationships, or other areas of functioning (DSM-5)

Answer 9

mental disorder

Question 10

process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder, as set forth in the fifth ed of the DSM-5

Answer 10

diagnosis

Question 11

facilitates research, awareness, and treatment

Answer 11

professionals

Question 12

precursor to the first DSM

Answer 12

early categorization system of the US Army and Veterans’ Administration in an effort to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of soldiers returning from WWII

Question 13

DSM-I and DSM-II contained 3 broad categories of disorders:

Answer 13

• psychoses
• neuroses
• character disorders

Question 14

• more reliant on empirical data
• specific criteria defined disorders
• atheoretical (no psychoanalytic influence)
• multiaxial assessment (5 axes)
• much longer

Answer 14

DSM-III

Question 15

minor changes from DSM-III

Answer 15

DSM-III-R

Question 16

disorders thought to be episodic (having beginning and ending points)

Answer 16

axis I

Question 17

disorders thought to be more stable or long-lasting

Answer 17

axis II

Question 18

medical conditions

Answer 18

axis III

Question 19

psychosocial / environmental problems

Answer 19

axis IV

Question 20

global assessment of functioning

Answer 20

axis V

Question 21

only ___, not diagnostic criteria, differ between DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR

Answer 21

text

Question 22

attempted greater consistency between DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Answer 22

DSM-5

Question 23

• naming shift from roman numerals (e.g., DSM-IV) to arabic numerals (e.g., DSM-5)
• elimination of the multiaxial assessment system

Answer 23

DSM-5

Question 24

new disorders in the DSM-5

Answer 24

• premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
• binge eating disorder
• mild neurocognitive disorder
• somatic symptom disorder
• hoarding disorder

Question 25

a severe version of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) including a combination of at least 5 emotional and physical symptoms occurring in most menstrual cycles during the last year that cause clinically significant distress or interfere with work, school, social life, or relationships with others

Answer 25

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 26

frequent temper tantrums in children 6-18 years old (at least 3 tantrums per week over the course of a year) that are clearly below the expected level of maturity and occur in at least two settings along with irritable or angry mood between the temper tantrums

Answer 26

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 27

resembles the part of bulimia nervosa in which the person overindulges on food but lacks the part in which the person tries to subtract the calories through compensatory behaviors like excessive exercise

Answer 27

binge eating disorder

Question 28

less intense version of major neurocognitive problems like dementia and amnesia

Answer 28

mild neurocognitive disorder

Question 29

combination of at least one significantly disruptive bodily (somatic) symptom with excessive focus on that symptom that involves perceiving it as more serious than it really is, experiencing high anxiety about it, or devoting excessive time and energy to it

Answer 29

somatic symptom disorder

Question 30

continuing difficulty discarding possessions no matter how objectively worthless they are, and as a result, living in a congested or cluttered home and experiencing impairment in important areas such as work, socialization, or safety

Answer 30

hoarding disorder

Question 31

revised disorders in DSM-5

Answer 31

- major depressive episode ("bereavement exclusion" dropped) - autism spectrum disorder (encompasses autistic disorder, asperger's disorder, and related developmental disorders from DSM-IV) - adhd (age at which symptoms must first appear raised from 7 - 12) - bulimia nervosa (frequency of binge eating decreased from twice to once a week) - anorexia nervosa (removed requirement that menstrual periods stop; "low body weight" changed from numeric definition to less specific description)

Question 32

criticisms of recent DSMs

Answer 32

- breadth of coverage - controversial cutoffs - cultural issues - gender bias - nonempirical influences - limitations on objectivity

Question 33

alternate directions in diagnosis and classification

Answer 33

- categorical / classical approach - dimensional approach - prototypical approach

Question 34

- DSM approach - an individual falls in the "yes" or "no" category for having a particular disorder - "black and white" approach - may correspond well with human tendency to think categorically - facilitates communication

Answer 34

categorical or classical approach

Question 35

- "shades of gray" rather than "black and white" - place clients' symptoms on a continuum rather than into discrete diagnostic categories - five-factor model of personality could provide the dimensions - more difficult to efficiently communicate, but more thorough description of clients - may be better suited for some disorders

Answer 35

dimensional approach

Question 36

five-factor model of personality

Answer 36

- neuroticism - extraversion - openness - conscientiousness - agreeableness

Question 37

categorical approach but with the twist that it basically combines some features of each of the former approaches

Answer 37

prototypical approach