Chapter 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Societies
Groups of people who share common, symbols, values, languages, and norms.
Culture
The totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of people from another.
In-groups
Groups of people with which a person identifies with.
Out-group
Groups of people with which a person does not identify.
Ethnicity
People’s perception of ancestry or heritage
Nationality
Ones status as a citizen of a particular country.
Enculturation
The process of acquiring a culture
Co-cultures
Groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics besides their national citizenship
Components of culture and co-culture
- symbols
- language
- values
- norms
Six cultural differences that influence how people communicate with one another
- Emphasis on individuals versus groups
- Communicative context
- Power distance
- Views about masculinity and femininity and about men/women’s roles.
- Orientation toward time
- Uncertainty avoidance
Individualistic culture
A culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves.
Collectivistic culture
A culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to their families, their communities, and their employers.
Low-context culture
A culture in which people are expected to be direct and to say what they mean
High-context culture
A culture in which people are taught to speak in an indirect and inexplicit way
Low-power distance culture
A culture in which people believe that no one person or group should have excessive power
High-power distance culture
A culture in which certain groups, such as the royal family or the members of the ruling political party have much greater power than the average citizen.
Masculine culture
A culture in which people cherish traditionally masculine values and prefer sex-specific roles for women and men.
Feminine culture
A culture in which people cherish traditionally feminine qualities and prefer little differentiation in the roles of men and women.
Monochromic culture
A culture that views time as a finite and tangible commodity
Poly chronic culture
A culture that views time as holistic, fluid, and infinite
Uncertainty avoidance
The extent to which people try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable
Mindful
Aware - as in being aware of how cultures behaviors and says of thinking are likely to differ from ones own
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to judge other cultures as inferior to ones own
Communication codes
Verbal and nonverbal meanings that are often understood only by the people from the same culture
