Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

A

Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Number of protons in its nucleus

A

Atomic Number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elements arranged by Atomic Numbers

A

Periodic Table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans

A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mineral salts needed for nerve and muscle function

A

Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Invented the Atomic Theory

A

John Dalton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proposed a Planetary Model

A

Neils Bohr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Center of atom

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Single + charge, mass= 1 atomic mass unit

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

No charge, mass= 1 atomic mass unit

A

Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Single - charge, in concentric cloud that surrounds the nucleus. Determines the chemical properties of an atom

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The outermost shell of an atom, determine the chemical bonding properties of an atom

A

Valence Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Varieties of an element that differ one another only in the number of neutrons and therefore in atomic mass

A

Isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Unstable isotopes that give off radiation. Every element has at least one

A

Radioisotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Radioisotopes decay to stable isotopes releasing radiation

A

Radioactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 protons+ 2 neutrons; cannot penetrate skin

A

A particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Free electrons; penetrates skin a few millimeters

A

B particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

penetrating; very dangerous gamma rays

A

Y particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Time needed for 50% of dangerous particles to decay into a stable state (Nuclear power plants create radioisotopes)

A

Physical Half Life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Time required for 50% of dangerous particles to disappear from the body (Decay and physiological clearance)

A

Biological Half Life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Charged particles with unequal number of protons and electrons

A

Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Transfer of electrons from one atom to another

A

Ionization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Atoms that gain electrons (Net negative charge)

A

Anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atoms that loses an electron (Net positive charge)

A

Cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Chemical particles with an odd number of electrons
Free Radicals
26
Neutralize free radicals
Antioxidants
27
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond (O2)
Molecules
28
Molecules composed of two or more different elements (H2O)
Compounds
29
Identifies constituent elements and how many atoms of each are present
Molecular Formula
30
Location of each atom, structural isomers revealed
Structural Formula
31
Molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangement of their atoms
Isomers
32
Forces that hold molecules together, or attract one molecule to another
Chemical Bonds
33
One pair of electrons are shared
Single Covalent Bond
34
Two pairs of electrons are shared
Double Covalent Bond
35
Electrons shared equally (strongest of all chemical bonds)
Non-Polar Bonds
36
Electrons shared unequally (strongest of all chemical bonds)
Polar Bonds
37
A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in on molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another
Hydrogen Bonds
38
Weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms
Van der Waals Forces
39
Consist of substances physically blended, but not chemically combined
Mixtures
40
Ability to dissolve other chemicals
Solvency
41
Substances that dissolve in water (has a charge)
Hydrophilic
42
Substances that do not dissolve in water (no charge)
Hydrophobic
43
Tendency of one substance to cling to another (water molecules are attracted to each other)
Adhesion
44
Tendency of like molecules to cling to each other (water molecules are attracted to other objects)
Cohesion
45
The amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
46
1 mL of perspiration removes 500 calories
Effective Coolant
47
Consists of particles of matter called the solute mixed with a more abundant substance called the solvent
Solution
48
Can be gas, solid, or liquid
Solute
49
Known number of molecules per volume
Molarity
50
of molecules unequal
Percentage
51
of molecules equal
Molar
52
A proton donor
Acid
53
A proton acceptor
Base
54
Capacity to do work
Energy
55
Energy contained in an object because of its position or internal state
Potential Energy
56
Potential energy stored in the bonds of molecules
Chemical Energy
57
Potential energy available in a system to do useful work
Free Energy
58
Energy of motion; energy that is actively doing work
Kinetic Energy
59
A process in which a covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken
Chemical Reaction
60
Symbolizes the course of a chemical reaction
Chemical Equation
61
Reactants are larger than product
Decomposition Reactions
62
Product molecules are larger than molecule reactant molecules
Synthesis Reactions
63
Large molecule break down into two or more smaller ones
Decomposition Reactions
64
Two or more small molecules combine to form a larger one
Synthesis Reactions
65
Can go in either direction under different circumstances
Reversible Reactions
66
Determines direction of the equation
Law of Mass Action
67
Exists in reversible reactions when the ratio of products to reactants is stable
Equilibrium
68
Substances that temporarily bond to reactions
Catalysts
69
Most important biological catalysts; reusable
Enzymes
70
Energy- releasing (exergonic) decomposition reactions
Catabolism
71
Energy- storing (endergonic) synthesis reactions
Anabolism
72
Any chemical reaction in which a molecule gives up electrons and releases energy.
Oxidation
73
Any chemical reaction in which a molecule gains electrons and energy
Reduction
74
Oxidation of one molecule is always accompanied by the reduction of another
Oxidation- Reduction Reactions
75
The study of compounds containing carbon
Organic Chemistry
76
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleotides
Four Categories of Carbon Compounds
77
Has 4 Valence Electrons; carries a variety of functional groups
Carbon Backbone
78
Very large organic molecules
Macromolecules
79
Many subunits attached together
Polymers
80
Identical or similar subunits
Monomers
81
Joining monomers to form a polymer
Polymerization
82
How living cells form polymers
Dehydration Synthesis
83
Opposite of dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
84
Table sugar
Sucrose
85
Sugar in milk
Lactose
86
Grain products
Maltose
87
Short chains of 3 or more monosaccharides (at least 10)
Oligosaccharides
88
Long chains of monosaccharides (at least 50)
Polysaccharides
89
Energy storage polysaccharide in animals
Glycogen
90
Energy storage polysaccharide in plants
Starch
91
Structural molecule of plant cell walls
Cellulose

A&P (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions