Chapter 7

Question 1

Study of bones

Answer 1

Osteology

Question 2

Composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments

Answer 2

Skeletal System

Question 3

Forerunner of most bones

Answer 3

Cartilage

Question 4

Holds bones together at the joints

Answer 4

Ligaments

Question 5

Attaches muscle to bone

Answer 5

Tendons

Question 6

Holds up the body, supports muscles, mandible and maxilla support teeth.

Answer 6

Support

Question 7

Brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs

Answer 7

Protection

Question 8

Limb movements, breathing, action of muscle on bone

Answer 8

Movement

Question 9

Calcium and phosphate ions

Answer 9

Electrolyte Balance

Question 10

Buffers blood against excessive pH changes

Answer 10

Acid- Base Balance

Question 11

Red bone marrow is the chief producer of blood cells

Answer 11

Blood Formation

Question 12

Connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

Answer 12

Bone (Osseous Tissue)

Question 13

The hardening process of bone

Answer 13

Mineralization or Calcification

Question 14

• Protects soft organs

- Curved but wide and thin

Answer 14

Flat Bones

Question 15

• Longer than wide

- Ridgid levers acted upon by muscles

Answer 15

Long Bones

Question 16

• Equal in length and width

- Glide across one another in multiple directions

Answer 16

Short Bones

Question 17

Elaborate Shapes that do not fit into other categories

Answer 17

Irregular Bones

Question 18

Outer shell of long bone

Answer 18

Compact (dense) Bone

Question 19

Cylinder of compact bone to provide leverage

Answer 19

Diaphysis (shaft)

Question 20

Space in the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

Answer 20

Medullary Cavity (marrow cavity)

Question 21

Enlarged end of a long bone

Answer 21

Epiphysis

Question 22

Covered by more durable compact bone

Answer 22

Spongy (cancellous) Bone

Question 23

Layer of Hyaline Cartilage that covers that joint surface where one bone meets another

Answer 23

Articular Cartilage

Question 24

Minute holes in the bone surface that allows blood vessels to penetrate

Answer 24

Nutrient Foramina

Question 25

External sheath that covers bone except where there is articular cartilage; around bone

Answer 25

Periosteum

Question 26

Fibers of periosteum connect to tendons

Answer 26

Outer Fibrous Layer

Question 27

Other outer fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix

Answer 27

Perforating Fibers

Question 28

Important to growth of bone and healing of fractures; bone cells live here

Answer 28

Inner Osteogenic Layer

Question 29

Thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining marrow cavity; linen inside of the bone

Answer 29

Endosteum

Question 30

Area of Hyaline Cartilage that separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis

Answer 30

Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate)

Question 31

In adults, a bony scar that marks where growth plate used to be.

Answer 31

Epiphyseal Line

Question 32

Spongy layer in the cranium; produces blood; there to work as a bike helmet

Answer 32

Diploe

Question 33

Four Principal types of bone cells

Answer 33

Osteogenic Cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts

Question 34

Stem cells that create new cells | Located in osteoblasts, endosteum, periosteum, and central canals

Answer 34

Osteogenic Cells

Question 35

Bone forming cells; builds bone Secretes osteocalcin that stimulates the pancreas to increase insulin levels Located endosteum and periosteum DO NOT REPLICATE

Answer 35

Osteoblasts

Question 36

Structural protein for bone

Answer 36

Osteocalcin

Question 37

Former osteoblast cells that have built bone 360 degrees around themselves and are now trapped Located anywhere in bone Function is to maintain the bone they have built around themselves and maintain calcium and phosphate levels

Answer 37

Osteocytes

Question 38

Bone dissolving cells found on the bone surface

Answer 38

Osteoclasts

Question 39

Side facing bone surface | Increases surface area and resorption efficiency

Answer 39

Ruffled Border

Question 40

Pits on surface of bone where osteoclasts reside | Breaks down bone faster

Answer 40

Resorption Bays

Question 41

Results from combined actions of the bone- dissolving osteoclasts and the bone- depositing osteoblasts

Answer 41

Remodeling

Question 42

About 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter

Answer 42

Matrix of Osseous Tissue

Question 43

Synthesized by osteoblasts

Answer 43

Organic Matter

Question 44

85% hydroxyapatite, 10% calcium carbonate, other minerals

Answer 44

Inorganic Matter

Question 45

Soft bones due to deficiency of calcium salts (lacks inorganic)

Answer 45

Rickets

Question 46

Excessively brittle due to lack of protein collagen

Answer 46

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 47

Ceramic

Answer 47

Ridged Inorganic

Question 48

Proteins

Answer 48

Organic

Question 49

Combination of two basic structural materials, a ceramic and a polymer

Answer 49

Composite

Question 50

Slivers of bone

Answer 50

Spicules

Question 51

Thin plates of bone

Answer 51

Trabeculae

Question 52

Spaces filled

Answer 52

Red Bone Marrow/ Yellow Marrow

Question 53

Spongy bone consists of:

Answer 53

Spicules, Trabeculae, Red & Yellow Marrow

Question 54

Where Trabecular develop

Answer 54

Along bone's lines of stress

Question 55

General term for soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and small spaces amid the trabeculae of spongy bone

Answer 55

Bone Marrow

Question 56

Myeloid Tissue | In nearly every bone in a child

Answer 56

Red Marrow

Question 57

Produces blood cells and is composed of multiple tissues in a delicate, but intricate arrangement that is an organ to itself

Answer 57

Hemopoietic Tissue

Question 58

Found in Adults Most red marrow turns into fatty yellow marrow No longer produces blood

Answer 58

Yellow Marrow

Question 59

The formation of bone

Answer 59

Ossification

Question 60

Bone develops out of mesodome tissue. Embryotic development Located in the skull

Answer 60

Intramembranous Ossification