Chapter 2 Flashcards

(71 cards)

1
Q

general functions of ct

A

provide structural support and a medium for exchange, defense/protection, storage for adipose

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2
Q

characteristics of ct

A

most derived from mesenchyme, suppoort cells separated by matrix, support cells produce matrix, cells adhere to matrix

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3
Q

important trait of glycoaminoglycans/mucopolysaccharides

A

hydrophilic

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4
Q

GAGs that are covalently bonded to proteins

A

sulfated (keratin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, etc)

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5
Q

large molecule (100-10000s kDa), forms dense molecular network, holds a lot of WATER, and important for DIFFUSION

A

non-sulfated GAGs (hyaluronic acid)

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6
Q

positive impact of inflammation

A

increased fluidity and cell movement, increases the number of defensive cells

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7
Q

negative impact of inflammation

A

excessive swelling can damage blood vessels, nerves, and cells.

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8
Q

protein core with many sulfated GAGs attached

A

proteoglycan

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9
Q

examples of adhesive glycoproteins

A

laminin, fibronectin

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10
Q

most common ct protein

A

collagen

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11
Q

collagen that accounts for 90 percent

A

type 1

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12
Q

syndrome stemming from defective or reduced collagen, symptoms include unstable joints hypermobile, and easily dislocated

A

ehlers-danlos

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13
Q

elastic which is produced by elastin and microfibrils is commonly produced by these

A

fibroblasts and smooth muscle

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14
Q

hereditary condition characterized by undeveloped elastic fibers resulting in irregular gate, tall lean body, abnormal flexibility, AORTIC ANEURYSM

A

marfan’s syndrome

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15
Q

fibers that are the same as collagen III

A

reticular

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16
Q

reticular fibers are common in these places

A

liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes

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17
Q

only fiber NOT affected by aging

A

reticular

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18
Q

what is the first fiber produced during wound healing

A

reticular

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19
Q

fibroblasts are usually derived from these cells

A

mesenchyme

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20
Q

very important cell type in ct

A

fibroblast

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21
Q

cells that produce and maintain matrix

A

fibroblasts

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22
Q

fibroblasts aid in healing by doing these two things

A

produce growth factors and scar formation

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23
Q

scars are only ___ as strong as original tissue and are made of this

A

70%, dense irregular ct

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24
Q

defensive functions of fibroblasts

A

produce cytokines, enzymes, and can phagocytize

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25
mature less active fibroblast and can produce these substances
HA, ground substance and reticular fibers
26
fibrocyte CANNOT produce these substances
new collage I and elastic fiber
27
cell that posses features of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
myofibroblast
28
primary functions of myofibroblasts
wound healing and tooth eruption
29
cells that are derived from mesenchyme cells producing preadipocytes
adipocytes
30
adipoctyes regulate energy metabolism by producing this
leptin (satiety hormone)
31
plasma cells are derived from this and what is their function
B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins (antibody) production
32
large cells with an indented or kideny bean shaped nucleus often contain residual bodies in their cytoplasm
macrophages (histiocytes)
33
macrophages are derived from this and can divide
monocyte
34
a very important defensive cell
macrophage (part of the mononuclear phagocyte system)
35
name for the permanent fusion of many macrophages
foreign body giant cells
36
large cells that contain cytoplasmic granules
mast
37
functions of mast cells
inflammation, immediate hypersensitivity response, anaphylaxis, asthma
38
effects of histamine released by mast cells
increase permeability of capillaries and venules, vasodilation of arterioles, contraction of visceral smooth muscle
39
effects of heparin released by mast cells
binds to and inactivates histamine
40
effect of Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor released by mast cells
attracts eosinophils
41
functions of eosinophils
inhibit leukotrienes, produce factor that inhibits mast cell degranulation, phagocytize IgE, secretes histaminase
42
affects of neutrophil chemotactic factor NCF
attracts neutrophils
43
effects of leukotrienes
same as histamine but much more powerful, will extend and amplify the effects of histamine
44
stimuli that activate mast cells
direct mast cell trauma, phagocytosis, IgE allergin complex, complement process
45
elicits IgE formation which bonds to mast cells, some degranulation, memory cells (B&T) are produced
first exposure, primary immune response
46
allergin binds to sensitized mast cells and mast cells degranulate, reaction is quicker and longe rlasting
second exposure, secondary immune response
47
stimulus for an immediate hypersensitivity reesponse
IgE/allergen complex
48
resoponse stimulated by massive IgE production, leading to systemic mast cell and basophil degranulation and secretion`
anaphylaxis
49
type of asthma were allergin is unkown and often has and adult onset, may follow respiratory illness
intrinsic
50
type of asthma where allergins are in the air and often known, usually childhood onset
extrinsic
51
asthma is stimulated by these two things
IgE allergin complex, or secondary factors: fatigue, endocrine changes, odors, emotions
52
primary problem and secondary difficulties of asthma
release of leukotrienes, difficulties caused by inglammation in the lungs
53
monocytes become this in ct
macrophages
54
neutrophils (60-70% of leukocytes) phagocytize and are attracted to sites of ______ inflammation
acute
55
eosinophils combat parasitic worm larvae and are attracted to sites of ____ inflammation
allergic
56
basophils are similar to these cells and initiate, maintain & influence inflammation
mast
57
lymphocytes are attracted to sites of ___ inflammation
chronic
58
cell type that is equivalent to adult stem cells
mesenchyme
59
reticular cells function
to make reticular fibers when needed on a permanent basis
60
characteristics of loose ct
large number of cells and types, fewer fibers, increased amount of ground substance, quite vascular
61
ct found in greater and lesser omenta as well as a filler ct for blood vessels
loos areolar
62
ct found in papillary layer of dermis and beneath epithelium in organs
loose irregular
63
characteristics of dense connective tissue
fewer cells and types, many fibers, decreased amounts of ground substance, less vascular
64
ct found in reticular layer of dermis and nerve sheaths and organ capsules
dense irregular
65
ct found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses
dense regular
66
mc type of adipose, primary cell type uniocular white adipocytes, located around kideny and heart, whithin liver
white
67
tissue functions of adipose
store energy, thermoregulation, protect/cushion organs
68
functions in break-down of TGs,
lipase
69
obesity where existing adipocytes increase in size
adult-onset
70
type of obesity where numbers of adipocytes can increase as well s size
childhood
71
adipose where adipoctyes are smaller and multiocular, very limited amounts in adults, numbers increasae with cold, function in thermogenesis
brown