Chapter 3

Question 1

surface protection involving epithelium and cells and acute inflammation are examples of ____ immunity

Answer 1

innate

Question 2

humoral immunity is also considered this

Answer 2

B cell immunity

Question 3

Humoral immunity is usually a response to invading ______

Answer 3

bacteria

Question 4

humoral immunity is mediated by these cells

Answer 4

B cells, plasma, and T cells

Question 5

cell mediated immunity is also considered this

Answer 5

T cell immunity

Question 6

Cell mediated immunity is usually a response to these

Answer 6

viruses, fungi, or foreign cells

Question 7

cell mediated immunity is mediated by this

Answer 7

T lymphocytes (does not depend on B lymphocyte participation)

Question 8

functions of the immune system

Answer 8

storage of lymphocytes, increase numbers of lymphocytes, provide a favorable environment for establishing immunity

Question 9

diffuse lymphatics characteristics

Answer 9

no or incomplete capsule and humoral immunity

Question 10

lymphatic organ characteristics

Answer 10

has a capsule, humoral and cell-mediated immunities

Question 11

organ that provides an environment where lymphocytes become immunocompetent

Answer 11

primary lymphoid (thymus & bone marrow)

Question 12

organ that provides an environment where lymphatics can contact foreign antigens and interact with each other

Answer 12

secondary lymphoid (spleen & lymph nodes)

Question 13

diffuse lymphatics located in the GI, respiratory, and urogenital tracts

Answer 13

Mucosal-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)

Question 14

MALTs secrete which antibodies

Answer 14

IgA

Question 15

IgA’s main functions

Answer 15

neutralize viruses and bacterial toxins, decrease microbial adhesion to host cells

Question 16

diffuse lymphatic located only in GI tract

Answer 16

Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (GALT)

Question 17

examples of GALT

Answer 17

Peyer’s patches, individual lymph nodules

Question 18

diffuse lymphatic located within the respiratory system, commonly form where air tubes bifurcate

Answer 18

Bronchial-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (BALT)

Question 19

when the pharyngeal tonsils are inflamed they are called this

Answer 19

adenoids

Question 20

when pharyngeal tonsils are inflammed they can block these tubes leading to this

Answer 20

auditory, ear infections

Question 21

epithelial folds are also called

Answer 21

pleated tonsils

Question 22

palatine tonsils are also called this

Answer 22

faucial tonsils

Question 23

palatine tonsils epithelium is composed of this

Answer 23

stratified squamos

Question 24

palatine tonsils mark the boundary of these structures

Answer 24

oral cavity and oropharynx

Question 25

advantages of tonsilar crypts

Answer 25

more area for lymph nodule formation, more surface area for detecting foreign antigen

Question 26

disadvantages of tonsilar cyrpts

Answer 26

deep depressions allow bacteria to collect leading to inflammation and tonsilitis

Question 27

lingual tonsils location

Answer 27

posterior 1/3 of tongue (stratified squamos surface epithelium)

Question 28

tonsilar ring around the openings to the digestive and respiratory systems

Answer 28

waldeyer's ring

Question 29

two major functions of lymph nodes

Answer 29

filtration of lymph using phagocytosis, establish humoral and cell mediated immunities

Question 30

hilum is where lymph exits or enters?

Answer 30

exits

Question 31

first sinus to receive afferent lymph

Answer 31

marginal (subscapular)

Question 32

cortical sinus passes through this region

Answer 32

cortex

Question 33

deep cortical sinuses pass through this region

Answer 33

deep cortex/paracortex region

Question 34

medullary sinus passes through this region

Answer 34

medullary

Question 35

cells within all regions and sinuses are supported by a system of these fibers

Answer 35

reticular (produced by reticular cells)

Question 36

primary cell type in the cortex of a lymph node

Answer 36

B lymphocyte

Question 37

activity in the cortex region of lymph nodes

Answer 37

phagocytosis and humoral

Question 38

lymphoid nodule without germinal centers

Answer 38

primary

Question 39

primary cell type of lymphoid nodules paracortex

Answer 39

T lymphocyte

Question 40

high endothelial venules are lined with these types of cells

Answer 40

cuboid

Question 41

HEV's are an important crossover point between these two fluids

Answer 41

blood and lymph

Question 42

disease that causes paracortex to thin

Answer 42

HIV

Question 43

function of HEV

Answer 43

promote passage of B & T cells into lymph node from blood

Question 44

primary cell type of the lymphoid node medulla

Answer 44

plasma cells

Question 45

involution of thymus in order

Answer 45

septa, cortex, medulla

Question 46

function of thymus

Answer 46

establishment of immunocompetent T lymphocytes

Question 47

what does establishment of T lymphocytes mean

Answer 47

can distinguish self from non-self antigens, can develop self-tolerance

Question 48

T lymphoblast in the thymus

Answer 48

thymocyte

Question 49

structural characteristics of thymus

Answer 49

capsule composed of dense irregular ct, lobules with a peripheral cortex and a central medulla

Question 50

thymic supportive tissue

Answer 50

capsule, septa, adipose, microstroma (TECs)

Question 51

TECs offer support using these

Answer 51

cytoplasmic processes

Question 52

TECs form these

Answer 52

thymic corpuscles (hassalls body) TEC type 6.

Question 53

function of thymic corpuscles (hassalls bodies)

Answer 53

function secrete cytokines to influence local dendritic cells and development of some T cells

Question 54

functions of the blood-thymic barrier formed by Type 1 TECs

Answer 54

prevent T cells from physically contacting foreign antigens

Question 55

cell types in cortex of thymus

Answer 55

T lymphocytes, macrophages, TEC I II III

Question 56

cell types in medulla of thymus

Answer 56

same as cortex but fewer and includes dendritic cells and TEC IV V VI

Question 57

convex surface and concave area of spleen called this

Answer 57

hilum

Question 58

white pulp of spleen is responsible for this

Answer 58

humoral immunity (B cell)

Question 59

Long term storage site for T cells in spleen

Answer 59

Periarteriolar Lymphoid sheaths PALS (white pulp)

Question 60

functions of red pulp

Answer 60

rapid blood filtration, allows contact with blood-born foreign antibodies

Question 61

unusual elongated endothelial cells located in the red pulp of the spleen

Answer 61

stave cells

Question 62

effects of splenectomy

Answer 62

increased platelets/irregular RBC, increased risk of septicemia, liver takes over functions

Question 63

disease caused by epstein-barr virus

Answer 63

infections mononucleosis