Chapter 4

Question 1

where are purkinje fibers found in the heart?

Answer 1

subendocardial ct layer

Question 2

layers of the heart wall

Answer 2

endocardium, myocardium , pericardium

Question 3

perkinje fibers store this molecule

Answer 3

glycogen

Question 4

in myocardial structure the interclated discs are made of a transverse portion called this____ and are made by these two proteins

Answer 4

rise of stairs, macula adherens, fascia adherens

Question 5

the longitudinal portion of chairs is called this and composed of these proteins

Answer 5

step of stairs, large gap junctions

Question 6

specialized cardiac muscle that are involved in hormone secretion

Answer 6

myoendocrine cells

Question 7

what is the cardiac skeleton composed of?

Answer 7

dense irregular ct

Question 8

what is the function of the septum memrbanceum of the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 8

provides an origin and insertion for cardiac myocites

Question 9

chest pain brought on by exertion stemming from slow progressive narrowing of the coronary vessels therefore less oxygen

Answer 9

angina

Question 10

abnormal heart rythms caued by damage or death occurring ot purkinje fibers and other conducting tissues

Answer 10

dysrhythmia

Question 11

infection in the pericardial cavity therefore inflammation of the serous pericardium (visceral and parietal)

Answer 11

pericarditis

Question 12

tunica intima is a continuation of this in the heart

Answer 12

endocardium

Question 13

tunica media is a continuation of this in the heart

Answer 13

myocardium

Question 14

tunica adventitia is a continuation of htis in the heart

Answer 14

epicardium

Question 15

outer portion of tunica media contains these

Answer 15

vasa vasorum

Question 16

what major luminal wall layer is thickest/most dominant within the elastic arteries?

Answer 16

tunica media

Question 17

what is the tunica media primarily made of in elastic arteries?

Answer 17

fenestrated elastic laminae

Question 18

what is the tunica intima made of in elastic arteries?

Answer 18

attenuated endothelium

Question 19

what is the tunica adventitia made of in elastic arteries?

Answer 19

loose fibroelastic ct

Question 20

which major luminal wall layer is thickest/dominant withing muscular arteries?

Answer 20

tunica media

Question 21

what is the tunica media of muscular arteries primarily composed of?

Answer 21

smooth muscle

Question 22

what is the general tissue type that makes up the tunica adventitia of arteries?

Answer 22

CT

Question 23

which type of artery has the most developed internal elastic lamina

Answer 23

muscular artery

Question 24

which is the thinnest of the major luminal wall layers in arteries?

Answer 24

Tunica intima

Question 25

hardening of primarily large arteries. Tunica intima becomes infiltrated with soft lipids causing lumen diameter to decreae

Answer 25

arteriosclerosis (atherosclerosis)

Question 26

short terminal arteriole branches that lack a true tunica intima

Answer 26

metarterioles

Question 27

these function to control lumen size and therefore the amount of blood into the capillaries

Answer 27

AVA (arteriovenous anastomsis)

Question 28

cell junctions fumctions in capillaries

Answer 28

move marcromolecules and allows cell movement

Question 29

most common capillary type

Answer 29

continuous capillaries

Question 30

function of pericytes in continuous capillaries

Answer 30

healing and blood flow regulation

Question 31

which structure lacks a true tunica media

Answer 31

metarterioles

Question 32

associated with channels called thoroughfares

Answer 32

metarterioles

Question 33

structure with thicker tunica media and tunica adventitia

Answer 33

AVA

Question 34

structure found in all cappillary beds

Answer 34

metarterioles

Question 35

structure that redirects away from capillary beds

Answer 35

AVA

Question 36

structure that enhances exchange between blood and tissues

Answer 36

sinusoids

Question 37

which cell type with reparitive potential is found exterior to capillaries and venules

Answer 37

perioctyes

Question 38

how do veins vary from arteries

Answer 38

not as uniform, often larger, and higher number

Question 39

functions of valves in veins

Answer 39

prevent backflow and work with skeletal muscle to keep blood moving

Question 40

postcapillary venule layers

Answer 40

only has a tunica intima

Question 41

collecting venule layers

Answer 41

tunica intima and tunica adventitia, no tunica media

Question 42

muscular venule layers

Answer 42

All three are present

Question 43

size of vein where all three levels are present, valves are common, and the tunica adventita is usually the thickest/most dominant

Answer 43

medium

Question 44

enlarged and winding superficial veins in the legs stemming from loss of skeletal muscle tone, degradation of vessel wall, and valve incompetence

Answer 44

vericose veins

Question 45

varicose veins in lower esaphagus, common in alcoholics, caused by portal hypertension

Answer 45

esophageal varices

Question 46

varicose veins at the end of the anal canal

Answer 46

hemorrhoids

Question 47

do lymphatic capillaries have pericytes?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells join together using tight junctions

Answer 48

no

Question 49

do medium and large lymphatic vessels have 3 major luminal wall layers

Answer 49

yes