Chapter 2

Question 1

the criterion by which the value of something is measured

Answer 1

touchstone

Question 2

Origins of Western thought

Answer 2

Greece to middle eastern empires

Question 3

Greek ideas were the first to focus on_________ +__________with______________

Answer 3

individual+mathematics

Question 4

taoisim is derived from the wisdom of this mythical figure

Answer 4

Lao-tsu

Question 5

aspects of taoism

Answer 5

• cyclical
• do by not doing
• focused on constant change

Question 6

Zhuang Zhou (time)

Answer 6

Applied Tao Te Ching through a series of fables (370-280BC)

Question 7

Confucious said people are defined by ________ that are _______ and fixed

Answer 7

relationships that are hierarchical

Question 8

Conficious ( )

Answer 8

550-480BC

Question 9

Confucious said social order is developed and maintained via

Answer 9

relationship and each person honouring their role or status i.e.: son and father, individual and state

Question 10

tao te ching are…and part of …

Answer 10

• writings attributed to Lao-tsu

- taoism

Question 11

taoists had a preoccupation with _________ and focused on the constant ________. (you cannot step into the same river twice)

Answer 11

nature, change

Question 12

taosist views can be compared to _______ as they emphasize the pervasiveness of change

Answer 12

Heraclitus

Question 13

main points of taoism

Answer 13

• opposites (as one thing arrives it opposite does “thieves have ethics”
• cyclical nature of man
• do by doing nothing
• go with the flow

Question 14

first philosophical and political transcript out of eastern China that was not mythical. Written down by _____ and written down during a time of ______ ____

Answer 14

Tao Te Ching

• guards
• political peace

Question 15

most well documented Taoist, and suggested thought is what we are

Answer 15

Zhuang Zhow (370-280BC)

Question 16

______ focused on education and tradition and was active during a period of civil _____.

Answer 16

Confuscious…unrest

Question 17

Confuscoius came to prominence during the _______ dynasty

Answer 17

ming

Question 18

The Ming Dynasty liked his teachings about a set social hierarchy because they wanted to …….so they tossed aside other, more applicable ideas

Answer 18

preserve their inherited roles.

Question 19

_____ &_____ order were also important to Conf. Etiquette or “LI” would help suppress natural urges

Answer 19

Social and moral order

Question 20

Confuscious was the chosen school of thought from _____BC onward

Answer 20

1368

Question 21

Yin and Yang were the values in a ____________system of the __ __________

Answer 21

binary, I Ching

Question 22

I Ching

Answer 22

Made an early attempt at recording organizing, understanding, and predicting natural phenomenon (poor turtles)

Question 23

Yin and Yang are both ______ valuable, however on eorthe other may predominate in some settings

Answer 23

equally

Question 24

I Ching said world is under constant tension - that is the cycle of becoming _________ __________

Answer 24

continues, uninterupted

Question 25

Aspects of lao Tsu are similar to _____ ____ and both happened during a time of_____

Answer 25

Archaic Greece, after colonization and conquest

Question 26

Aspects of Zhuang Zhou are similar to ______ and both happened at time of ______ _____

Answer 26

Plato, peacful period

Question 27

Plato time...

Answer 27

427-347BC

Question 28

Archaic Greece

Answer 28

800-500BC

Question 29

2 Core beliefs of Pythagorean cosmology

Answer 29

- there is a mathematical order to reality | - experiences can be understood in terms of interplay between contradictory forces

Question 30

Pythagoras of Samos ( )

Answer 30

570-496 BC

Question 31

Pyth- experiences may be varied but they are not chaotic- they are _______ by mathematics. The opposite of chaos is...

Answer 31

unified, unity

Question 32

3 aspects of pythagorean opposites | -Similar to what modern concept?

Answer 32

* Universe differentiated into pairs of opposites * Opposites unite to form life * ontogeny/heredity where egg and sperm come together

Question 33

the most important pairs of opposites according to pythagorean cosmology--- crucial to the process of... opposites arise out of...

Answer 33

- limited and unlimited. - creation - unity

Question 34

A perfect union of opposites in the right proportion leads to.... The psych or soul seeks this as well.

Answer 34

harmony

Question 35

What is responsible of uniting opposites that lead to harmony

Answer 35

numbers

Question 36

Pythagorean cosmology was one of the first to attempt explaining

Answer 36

drive, motivation, purpose of behavior

Question 37

closest solution to the problem of the irrational. once called the fundamental building block of________

Answer 37

the golden section | nature

Question 38

An extension of Pythagorean doctrines

Answer 38

Platonic Thought

Question 39

The Forms refers to

Answer 39

the way things appear and the way things are

Question 40

Quest to solve the problem of the irrational was based on the beleif

Answer 40

that a prefect form existed beyond the appearance of this one

Question 41

Plato references _______ in his dialogues

Answer 41

Socrates

Question 42

Theme of the Meno- similar to questions of the definition of _____

Answer 42

- the question as to whether or not things are innate or learned - intelligence

Question 43

Plato introduced a process of awakening_______ in the meno. This demonstrated the ____ knowledge of good ______.

Answer 43

``` innate knowledge innate form (questioned a slave who gave the answer to pythagorean theorem) ```

Question 44

similar to socrates, _________ theorists assert that everything wecneed to know is innate and needs to be teased out. Creator of famous altar window...

Answer 44

Wertheimer- Gestalt

Question 45

Socrates said we cannot know what a part of something is if_______. Therefor, we have innate knowledge that the _____ knows. Thus problems arise from our inability to _________

Answer 45

- we do not know the whole - soul - tease out this information from our innate resource

Question 46

Aristotle time | -most influential to western thought and psychology today

Answer 46

(384-323) | 380-320

Question 47

A rejected sperarion of ___ and ______ and said you had to have them together

Answer 47

form and matter

Question 48

A saw that form had the '----------' to become many things which differed greatly from what it did become in '___________'

Answer 48

"potentiality' | 'actuality'

Question 49

A: difference between alive and dead is : | ability to _______separate humans from________ & ___________

Answer 49

- soul | - reason, plants and animals

Question 50

agreement to two premises are necessarily followed by a conclusion are called: An example:

Answer 50

- syllogism | - I want to understand history of psych, to do this I need to study- so I study

Question 51

Aspects of syllogism

Answer 51

- valid- conc follows 2 premises - practical- conc leads to action - logical on paper and in practice

Question 52

A sees explanation for human behaviour as_____, and ________ (we act with certain____ in mind and those _____ may determine the ______)

Answer 52

-regulated by reason -purposive (we act with an end in mind and the end may determine our behaviour)

Question 53

A saw the soul as_________. Example of this:

Answer 53

- indestructable | - awakenings of parkinsons patients with drug therapy demonstrates the brain can be revived with the right help

Question 54

A developed the first ________ of_________ to describe the revival of _________. A saw memory an exercise linked to_______.

Answer 54

Laws of association to describe the revival of memory | -imagination

Question 55

Laws of Association are

Answer 55

association by : - similarity - contrast - contiguity (happened at same time as

Question 56

Modern day application of aristotles laws of association and memory

Answer 56

imagination used to develop mnemonics and artificial memory using (loci) and images to recall vast quantities of information.

Question 57

mentalism was a >>>

Answer 57

formulation of plato and Aristotle

Question 58

Mentalism states human behaviour is governed by the _____. It is separate from the _________>

Answer 58

Psyche, | body