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Neuro > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 classes of cells in the nervous system

A
  1. Neurons

2. Glia

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2
Q

How many neurons are in the brain

A

100 billion

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3
Q

True or False:

There are more glial cells than neurons

A

True

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4
Q

What is the neuron made up of (7)

A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Soma
  3. Axon hillock
  4. Axon
  5. Myelin
  6. Nodes of Ranvier
  7. Terminal buttons
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5
Q

Where is the axon hillock located

A

Part of axon usually attached to cell body

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6
Q

What occurs at the axon hillock

A

The first place an action potential is generated

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7
Q

What is the presynaptic terminal

A

Terminal button

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8
Q

What is the synapse

A

The gap between neurons

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9
Q

What can the synapse also be considered (3)

A
  1. Terminal button
  2. Gap
  3. Postsynaptic cell
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10
Q

How fast does an action potential travel down the axon

A

200 mph

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11
Q

Where are bipolar neurons located

A

The retina

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12
Q

Where are pyramidal neurons located

A

Hippocampus and cerebral cortex

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13
Q

What are glial cells used for

A

Neural support

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14
Q

What regulate extracellular fluid, take up extra neurotransmitters, and regulate NT

A

Astrocytes

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15
Q

Where are the endfeet of astrocytes located

A

On capillaries

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16
Q

What do astrocytes wrap around

A

The presynaptic terminals of several axons

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17
Q

True or False:

Microglia suddenly proliferate around damaged areas

A

True

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18
Q

What do microglia cells do

A

Remove waste and eat viruses, fungi, and microorganisms

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19
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes located

A

Only in the CNS

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20
Q

True or False:

Oligodendrocytes can make multiple beads on multiple axons

21
Q

Do oligodendrocytes allow for regrowth

22
Q

Where are schwann cells located

23
Q

Do schwann cells allow for regrowth

24
Q

How many myelin beads can one schwann cell make

25
What do radial glial cells do
Help guide the migrating neurons from where they are born to where they end up
26
What is divergence
A sensory neuron that sends sensory info to many downstream neurons
27
What is convergence
Many sensory neurons send sensory info to one downstream neuron
28
What is excited and inhibited during the knee jerk reflex
Excited: Quadricep Inhibited: Hamstring
29
What does feed forward inhibition do (2)
1. Enhances pathway | 2. Inhibits opposing actions
30
What does feedback inhibition do (2)
1. Self regulating | 2. Prevents excessive activation
31
What is the input region of a neuron
Dendrites
32
What is the conductive region of a neuron
Axon
33
What is the output region of a neuron
Terminal button
34
What is the integrative region of a neuron
Axon hillock
35
What do you compare the charge of the intracellular fluid (cytosol) to
The charge of the extracellular fluid
36
Can membrane permeability change in a neuron
You knows it!!!
37
What happens during the patellar tendon reflex when the hammer hits the patellar tendon
NA+ goes into the dendrite
38
What type of potential is sent to the dendrites
Grade potentials
39
What is a graded potential
Can be of varying magnitudes and lengths
40
What can the graded potential cause if it is big enough
An action potential
41
What does the action potential cause
Depolarization of the axon
42
True or False: | The axon always depolarizes to the same mV level every time it fire no matter how big the action potential
True
43
What causes depolarization of the axon
Influx of Na+
44
When does Na+ level the axon
Immediately
45
Where is the [Na+] concentration higher intracellular or extracellular
Extracellular
46
What is all or none
The stimulus is either high enough to cause a reaction which involves the entire neuron or it will not cause any reaction at all
47
What is located in the synaptic cleft of a synapse
Extracellular fluid
48
What does NT release cause in the dendrites
Graded potentials
49
If all sensory stimuli are converted to similar electric impulses or AP how do they not get misinterpreted
There are different connections and pathways that go to different sensory regions in the brain

Neuro (15 decks)

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