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Neuro > Synaptic integration in the CNS > Flashcards

Synaptic integration in the CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are examples of neurons in the CNS receiveing excitatory and inhibitory input (3)

A
  1. DTR/MSR
  2. Motor control
  3. Pain modulation
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2
Q

Where are motor neurons located

A

In the anterior horns of the gray matter

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3
Q

True or False:

A single motor neuron may be innervated by up to 10,000 different presynpatic endings

A

True

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4
Q

True or False:

The generation of an action potential at the axon hillock depends on the integration of both signals

A

True

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5
Q

Where does an axosomatic synapse occur

A

At the cell body (soma)

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6
Q

Where does an axodendritic synapse occur (2)

A
  1. Dendritic spine

2. Dentritic shaft

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7
Q

Where does an axo-axonic synapse occur

A

At the axon

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of synapses

A

Type I and type II

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9
Q

What do type II synapses tend to be

A

Inhibitory

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10
Q

What do type I synapses tend to be

A

Excitatory

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11
Q

What type of synapses has a thicker post synaptic density

A

Type I

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12
Q

Why do synapses occur at different locations

A

So we can have presynaptic facilitation of signal

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13
Q

What is back propagation

A

Generating potentials back to where they were formed

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14
Q

What causes back propagation

A

Voltage gated Na+ channels

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15
Q

Where is the highest amount of voltage gated Na+ channels

A

The axon hillock

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16
Q

What is back propagation important for

A

Learning and memory

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17
Q

How does the back propagation potential look in relation to the action potential

A

The peak is not as high and it is more spread out

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18
Q

Why does the potential formed by back propagation have a lower peak

A

We don’t have many voltage gated Na+ channels in the dendrites

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19
Q

Why does the potential go backwards

A

There is propagation of the potential in both directions

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20
Q

The further away you are from the axon hillock what needs to occur for an action potential to take place

A

The stimulus needs to be greater

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21
Q

True or False:

A stimulus from the dendrites is able to initiate an action potential that occurs later down the axon

A

True

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22
Q

What happens to an excitatory synpatic potential as it travels toward the soma

A

The potential decreases

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23
Q

What is the time constant

A

How fast the stimulus dissipates

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24
Q

What is the length constant

A

How far does the stimulus travel before it dissipates

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25
What does temporal summation relate to
The time constant
26
What does spatial summation relate to
The length constant
27
What is temporal summation
The process of adding consecutive synaptic potentials together
28
What is spatial summation
The process of adding presynaptic potentials together from multiple locations on the axon
29
What happens if something has a long time constant
Stimuli are able to summate leading to an action potential
30
What happens if something has a short time constant
The stimulus dissipates faster leading to no action potential
31
What happens if something has a long length constant
The stimuli is able to travel longer adding together leading to an action potential
32
What happens if something has a short length constant
The stimuli can't add leading to no action potential
33
Does a stimulus with a long or short length constant have the ability to prevent the stimulus from leaking out
Long length constant
34
What does presynaptic facilitation do
Allows for more NT release from the presynaptic cell
35
What does presynaptic inhibition do
Allows less NT release from the presynaptic cell
36
What does presynaptic facilitation enhance
Influx of Ca++
37
What causes the enhanced influx of Ca++ during presynaptic facilitation (2)
1. Inactivation of K+ channels | 2. Activation of ionotropic receptors on the presynaptic membrane permeable to Ca++
38
What does inactivating K+ channels cause
Longer duration of the presynaptic AP
39
What does presynaptic inhibition reduce
Influx of Ca++
40
What causes the reduced influx of Ca++ during presynaptic inhibition (2)
1. Activation of ionotrpoic GABA receptors on the presynaptic membrane 2. Activation of GPCR which modulates ion channel activity
41
Why does activating GABA receptors reduce the influx Ca++
GABA receptors are inhibitors
42
How can you inhibit a patients pain during an exercise
By talking to them distracting their mind from the pain
43
How can you facilitate a patients pain during an exercise
By having them focus extremely hard on the exercise
44
What do you do if someone is ticklish
Have the patient put their hand where you are doing the intervention
45
What determines the effects we get in the post synaptic cell
The receptors that are on the post synaptic membrane
46
EPSP are mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors that are permeable to what (2)
1. NA+ | 2. K+
47
What is the co-factor to glutamate
Glycine
48
What does opening of NMDA receptors depend on (2)
1. Voltage | 2. Glutamate
49
What does voltage do to NMDA receptors
Causes Mg++ to be removed from the receptor pore
50
How do AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptor channels contribute to the EPSP current
When AMPA and NMDA are able to work together the flow of currents is prolonged
51
When is NMDA less effective a more positive or negative membrane potential
More negative
52
How many NMDA and AMPA receptors does the post-synaptic density usually contain
NMDA: 20 AMPA: 10-50
53
Where are NMDA and AMPA receptors located in the post-synaptic density
NMDA: the most centrally located AMPA: Centrally located just not as central as NMDA
54
Where are metabotropic glutamate receptors located in the psot-synaptic density
The outside
55
What is responsible for anchoring the NMDA receptor down
PSD 95
56
What is responsible for anchoring AMPA
TARP
57
True or False: | TARP and PSD 95 interact with one another
True
58
Where is neuroxin located
Presynapatic cell
59
What does neuroxin do
Interacts with neuroligin
60
True or False: | Inhibitory synapses play an important role in the CNS
True
61
What role do inhibitory synapses play in the CNS (2)
1. Preventing too much excitation | 2. Coordinate activity among networks of neurons
62
What is the major inhibitory NT in the brain
GABA
63
What are the major inhibitory NT in the spinal cord (2)
1. GABA | 2. Glycine
64
What does an inhibitory interneuron do
Prevents excess excitation
65
GABA a is what type of receptor
Ionotropic
66
GABA b is what type of receptor
Metabotropic
67
What does the effect of an inhibitory current in the postsynpatic neuron depend on
The distance the current travels from the synapse to the trigger zone
68
What does the size of the IPSP depend on
The location of stimulation
69
What happens to the IPSP as it propagates up the dendrite
IT decyas
70
What happens if the IPSP occurs at the soma
Significant hyperpolarization
71
What happens if the IPSP occurs at the dendrite
There is minimal hyperpolarization
72
Keys to know for test (6)
1. Neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory input 2. Generation of an action potential depends on time and length constants 3. Excitatory synapses tend to be located on spines of dendrites 4. Presynaptic mechanisms influence generation of APs 5. Inhibitory synapses tend to be located at the cell bodies and axons 6. EPSPs and IPSPs depend on the receptors located on the post-synaptic membrane
73
What are AMPA receptors permeable to (2)
1. Na+ | 2. K+
74
What are NMDA receptors permeable to (3)
1. Na+ 2. K+ 3. Ca++

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