Chapter 3

Question 1

True or False:
DNA is not in free linear strands it is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is chromatin

Answer 2

Complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes

Question 3

What are histones

Answer 3

Chief protein components of chromatin actin as spools around which DNA winds

Question 4

What are exons

Answer 4

Coding regions that will be made into mature MRNA

Question 5

What are introns

Answer 5

Noncoding region

Question 6

What are the building blocks of DNA/MRNA (4)

Answer 6

1. Thymine/Uracil
2. Adenine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine

Question 7

True or False:

Traits are genes

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What determine how you act, think, and your posture

Answer 8

Proteins

Question 9

Why can’t DNA be wound tightly on histones

Answer 9

It isn’t able to be unzipped

Question 10

What is acetylation

Answer 10

Acetyl groups bind to histones and unravel DNA making transcription possible

Question 11

What is methylation

Answer 11

Methyl groups bind to DNA and promote condensed chromatin

Question 12

What is transcription

Answer 12

DNA to MRNA

Question 13

What is translation

Answer 13

MRNA to proteins

Question 14

How are genes arranged

Answer 14

In chromosomes

Question 15

How many pairs of chromosomes are there

Answer 15

23

Question 16

True or False:

Each gene is located in a specific position (locus) on a specific chromosome

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is a diploid cell

Answer 17

Pairs of chromosomes are present

Question 18

What is a haploid cell

Answer 18

Only have half a pair of each chromosome (sperm and egg)

Question 19

What did Gregor Mendel determine

Answer 19

Physical make up of parent generation determined the proportion of physical variation in offspring

Question 20

What is an allele

Answer 20

A version of a gene

Question 21

What is a genotype

Answer 21

Actual gene, allele, base pairs, what protein the gene is coding for

Question 22

What is a phenotype

Answer 22

What you see

Question 23

What is a homozygote

Answer 23

2 copies of the same allele

Question 24

What is a heterozygote

Answer 24

2 different alleles

Question 25

True or False: | All traits have a heritable component

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is leptin

Answer 26

A hormone released from fat that tells the body there are adequate amounts of fat stores

Question 27

True or False: | Most trait are influenced by many genes

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is concordance

Answer 28

Occurrence of a trait in two people

Question 29

What is monozygotic

Answer 29

Identical twins 100% similar genetic material

Question 30

What is dizygotic

Answer 30

50% similar genetic material (regular siblings)

Question 31

Is there a debt behind nature or nurture effecting traits and why

Answer 31

No it is always both nature and nurture that effect traits

Question 32

What is phenylalanine converted into

Answer 32

Tyrosine

Question 33

What happens if you can't convert phenylalanine into tyrosine

Answer 33

It builds up in the body eventually causing mental retardation

Question 34

How can someone with a mutated gene that prevents the conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine do to prevent mental retardation

Answer 34

Eat a diet low in phenylalanine