Chapter 2

Question 1

The study of interactions between atoms and molecules.

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

The _____ is the smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions.

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Negatively charged particles.

Answer 3

Electrons

Question 4

Positively charged particles.

Answer 4

Protons

Question 5

Uncharged particles.

Answer 5

Neutrons

Question 6

The number of protons makes up the _______ of the atom.

Answer 6

Atomic Number

Question 7

_______ is written below the the symbol.

Answer 7

Atomic Number

Question 8

______ is written above the symbol.

Answer 8

Atomic Weight

Question 9

______ is the addition of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Answer 9

Atomic Weight

Question 10

Protons and Neutrons are located in the _______.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Electrons move around the ________.

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Atoms with different numbers of neutrons.

Same atomic number but different atomic weight.

Answer 12

Isotopes

Question 13

Inner shell 2-8-8 Outer shell

Answer 13

Electron Configuration

Question 14

What are the 3 types of chemical bonds

Answer 14

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds

Question 15

______ form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Answer 15

Covalent Bonds

Question 16

______ are attractions between ions of opposite charge. One atom loses electrons and another gains electrons.

Answer 16

Ionic Bonds

Question 17

_______ bonds form when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded in an O or N atom in another molecule.

Answer 17

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 18

The sum of the atomic weights in a molecule is the _________.

Answer 18

Molecular Weight

Question 19

The making and breaking of bonds between atoms.

Answer 19

Chemical Reactions

Question 20

Absorb energy.

Answer 20

Endergonic Reactions

Question 21

Release energy.

Answer 21

Exergonic Reactions

Question 22

Occurs when atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new, larger molecules.
A + B —-> AB

Answer 22

Synthesis Reaction

Question 23

Occurs when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or atoms.
AB —-> A + B

Answer 23

Decomposition Reaction

Question 24

Synthesis of molecules in a cell.

Answer 24

Anabolism

Question 25

Decomposition reactions in a cell.

Answer 25

Catabolism

Question 26

Are part synthesis and part decomposition. | NaOH + Hal -----> NaCl + H2O

Answer 26

Exchange Reactions

Question 27

Can readily go either direction

Answer 27

Reversible Reactions

Question 28

4 Important Biological Molecules

Answer 28

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Question 29

A substance that dissociates into one or more H+

Answer 29

Acid

Question 30

A substance that dissociates into one or more OH-

Answer 30

Base

Question 31

A substance that dissociates into cations and anions neither of which is H+ or OH-

Answer 31

Salt

Question 32

Negative

Answer 32

Anions

Question 33

Postitive

Answer 33

Cations

Question 34

The amount of H+ in a solution is expressed as ___

Answer 34

pH

Question 35

______ are responsible for most of the chemical properties of a particular organic compound.

Answer 35

Functional Groups

Question 36

Macromolecules consisting of many small repeating molecules.

Answer 36

Polymers

Question 37

The smaller molecules

Answer 37

Monomers

Question 38

Simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms

Answer 38

Monosaccharides

Question 39

Two monosaccharides are joined in a dehydration synthesis

Answer 39

Disaccharide

Question 40

Consist of 2 to 20 Monosaccharides.

Answer 40

Oligosaccharides

Question 41

Consist of teens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis

Answer 41

Polysaccharides

Question 42

______ is a polymer of two sugars repeating many times.

Answer 42

Chitin

Question 43

Called fats or triglycerides contain glycerol and fatty acids; formed by dehydration synthesis

Answer 43

Simple Lipids

Question 44

Consist of four carbon rings Part of membranes Complex Lipids

Answer 44

Steroids

Question 45

Proteins that speed chemical reactions

Answer 45

Enzymes

Question 46

Made for proteins

Answer 46

Flagella

Question 47

Subunit for proteins

Answer 47

Amino Acids

Question 48

Bonds between amino acids are formed by dehydration synthesis.

Answer 48

Peptide Bonds

Question 49

Polypeptide strand

Answer 49

Primary Structure

Question 50

Occurs when the amino acid chain folds and coils in a regular helix or pleats.

Answer 50

Secondary Structure

Question 51

Occurs when the helix folds irregularly, forming disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain.

Answer 51

Tertiary Structure

Question 52

Consists of two or more polypeptides

Answer 52

Quaternary Structure

Question 53

Consist of amino acids and other organic molecules.

Answer 53

Conjugated Proteins

Question 54

Carbohydrates and proteins

Answer 54

Glycoproteins

Question 55

Nucleic acids and proteins

Answer 55

Nucleoproteins

Question 56

Lipids and proteins

Answer 56

Lipoproteins

Question 57

Nucleotides consist of a

Answer 57

Pentose Sugar Phosphate Group Nitrogen- Containing Base

Question 58

Has ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

Answer 58

ATP

Question 59

Has deoxyribose Exists are a double helix A hydrogen bonds with T C hydrogen bonds with G

Answer 59

DNA

Question 60

Has ribose Is a single- stranded A hydrogen bonds with U C hydrogen bonds with G

Answer 60

RNA

Question 61

Is made with dehydration synthesis | Is broken by hydrolysis to liberate useful energy for the cell

Answer 61

ATP