Chapter 2 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Cells in the brain do not do not reproduce?
A
No
2
Q
_____ reproduce in other parts of the body
A
Nerves
3
Q
The Somatic NS is Voluntary or Involuntary?
A
Voluntary
4
Q
What does the Somatic NS control?
A
Skeletal Muscle
5
Q
The Autonomic NS is Voluntary or involuntary?
A
Involuntary
6
Q
What does the Autonomic NS control?
A
Breathing, HR
7
Q
What is responsible for Fight or Flight?
A
The Autonomic NS
8
Q
Information that goes into the Nervous system go through either the
A
Sensory Organs or another neuron
9
Q
Information comes in through _____-
A
dendrites
10
Q
______ keeps the neuron alive
A
Nucleus
11
Q
Most axons in the brain are______
A
2 milimeters
12
Q
The longer axons are in the _____
A
spinal cord
13
Q
Where do the Vagus nerves run though?
A
Head to Scrotum
14
Q
Pain moves _____
A
upward
15
Q
What does the myelin sheath do?
A
Speeds up Conduction
16
Q
White matter is______
A
myeliated
17
Q
Gray matter is ____
A
unmyelinated
18
Q
Muscles are usually ____
A
myelinated
19
Q
At what age does Myelination stop?
A
24
20
Q
Do Neurons touch?
A
No
21
Q
Can you find a nerve in a bundle of neurons?
A
No
22
Q
A _____ is a bundle of elongated axons belonging to hundreds of thousands of neurons.
A
Nerve
23
Q
Gilial cells are ___
A
Non-neuronal
24
Q
What removes waste, gives proteins to neurons, and keep neurons in place?
A
Glial Cells
25
What is the source of cancer in the nervous system?
Glial Cells
26
Where do you never see cancer?
The Central NS
27
Information moves along a neuron in the form of a _____
neural impulse
28
A neural impulse consists of an _______
electrochemical event
29
Action Potential is
Electrical
30
Synaptic Transmission
Chemical
31
Neurons fire at the SAME TIME or not at all is
all or none
32
The Minimum amount of stimulation to activate sense is the
threshold
33
More Neuron are involved and so they activate ____
at a faster rate
34
Vesicles contain
neurotransmitters
35
Towards where are vesicles pushed towards?
The bottom of the terminal bud.
36
Where is Ach Prevalent?
Hippocampus
37
Where is Norepinephrine mainly produced?
By neurons in the brain stem
38
Norepinephrine influences what?
An Individual's mood
39
Insufficient levels of ____ causes anxiety states
GABA
40
What is a naturally occurring pain killer?
Endorphins
41
Who located the mind in the spherical head?
Plato
42
Who studied Phrenology?
Franz Gall
43
_____ Listen and _____ Speak
Dendrites Listen. Axons Speak.
44
Some axons are encased in a ______ _____ fatty tissue that insulates them and speeds their impulses.
Myelin Sheath
45
Brain activity is measured in ______
miliseconds
46
If excitatory signals minus inhibitory signals exceed a minimum intensity, or threshold, the combined signals trigger an
Action Potential
47
Action Potential reaches the knob-like terminals at an axon’s end, triggering the release of chemical messengers,
Neurotransmitters
48
the sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotransmitters
Reuptake
49
Do Neurotransmitters operate in isolation? Yes or No
No
50
______ plays a role in learning and memory.
Ach
51
Does the brain produce its own natural opiates? Yes or No
Yes
52
What explains good feelings?
Endorphons
53
Example of a 2 Neuron Reflex Arc
Knee Jerk
54
Example of a 3 Neuron Reflex Arc
Removing your Hand from a Hot Stove
55
At rest, the inside of he neuron is ____ in relation to outside.
negative
56
Resting Potenial is
Polorization
57
Action potential inside is positive relative to outside is called
depolarization
58
____ return neurons back to resting potential
Ion
59
What is the study of the embryo?
Ontology
60
The Central Core is _____ and is needed for _____
vegetative; needed for survival
61
Limbic System is used for _____ and ____
memory and learning
62
What consolidates memory from short term to long term
Hippocampus
63
What receives the motor signals for speech?
Broca's Area
64
What stores the meaning of words?
Wernicke's area
65
What contains the visual codes for reading?
Angular Gyrus
66
_____ folds increase surface area of the brain
Convolutions
67
What secretes the hormone that increases body metabolism, thereby affecting growth.
Thyroid Gland
68
What regulates the levels of glucose in the blood?
Pancrease
69
What lowers blood sugar?
Insulin
70
What raises blood sugar?
Glucagon
71
The Broca's area is in the ____
Frontal Lobe
72
Logic is controlled on the ____ side of the brain
Left
73
Spatial abilities are controlled on the _____ side of the brain
right
74
Secretes the hormone that increases body metabolism, thereby affecting growth and affecting every process and structure of the body
Thyroid Gland
75
When someone has hypothyroidism you seem _____
depressed
76
Hyperthyroidism you are ____
manic
77
What influences fight or flight?
Adrenal Glands
78
What secretes hormones that govern arousal to stress or siutations
Adrenal Medulla
79
What produces more than 50 different hormones that have various functions?
Adrenal Cortex
80
What regulates the level of glucose in the blood?
Pancreas
81
What sits right below the hypothalamus and is the master gland?
Pituitary Gland
82
The Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces ___ hormones?
6
83
a member of a gene pair that determines the characteristic trait only when the other member of the pair is recessive.
Recessive Gene
84
a member of a gene pair which, if present, determines that the individual will show the trait controlled by the gene regardless of whether the member of the pair is the same or different (that is, recessive)
Dominant Gene
85
the characteristics that are displayed by the individual
Phenotype
86
The characteristics that an individual has inherited and will transmit to the next generation
Genotype
87
A genotype with a dominant and recessive gene (allele)
Heterozygous
88
A genotype with 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles
Homozygous
89
Where does motor control reside?
Frontal Lobe
90
Where does vision reside?
Occipital Lobe
91
Where does hearing reside?
Temporal Lobe
92
Where does sense of touch reside?
Parietal Lobe
93
What is the third Neuron called?
Interneuron
94
Where are Interneurons found?
Brain
95
What does the Corpus Callosum do?
It connects left and right brain
96
In the Synapse, Vesicles contain ______.
Neurotransmitters
97
In the Synapse, _____ are pushed towards the bottom of the terminal Bud.
Vesicles
98
Synaptic Transmission moves information between____
neurons
99
The 3 Neuron Reflex arc is an ___-
Interneuron
100
The 3 Neuron Reflex Arc Is Efferent or Afferent
Efferent
101
Motor Neurons are
Efferent
102
Sensory Neurons are
Afferent
103
_____ speeds up the reuptake of Norepinephrine causing a person's mood level to be depressed.
Lithium
104
____ and amphetamines prolong the action of Norepinephrine by slowing down reuptake.
Cocaine
105
What destroys the enzyme that degrades Ach?
Nerve Gas
106
______ toxin blocks release of Ach
Botulinum
107
_____ creates its effect by causing an excess of serotonin
LSD
108
The ____ house the Reflex Arcs
Spinal Cord
109
What part of the brain is for attention?
Reticular Formation
110
Hunger, thirst, sex, emotions, aggression, are housed in the
Hypothalamus
111
Fine motor and balance is in the
Cerebellum
112
Intelligence and personality are in the
Cerebrum
113
The ____ control emotional memory
Amygdala
114
The ____ consolidates short term memory to long term memory
Hippocampus
115
Does the brain have sensory receptors?
No
